The biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated
that the biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd2+ and Cu2+. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient
(R2) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of
Cd2+ and Cu2+ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ could be regenerated and reused. 相似文献
To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19
precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to
analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze element
compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics: in more than 80% of precipitation events the
pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO4
2?? was the main anionic component (36.2%
of the total anion mass), while NH4
+ was the main cationic component (47.7% of the total cation mass) and main ion for acidity
neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and
Na. The SO4
2??/NO3?? ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution – the product of
individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation
indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion
component. The results also showed that Na+ and Cl?? contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2+ by seawater and crustal materials;
the NH4
+, K+, Ca2+, NO3?? and SO4
2?? by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth’s crust; and organic acids were
potentially from combustion of biomass. 相似文献
In order to identify the effect of geographic characteristics on the variations of nutrient concentrations and the utilization efficiency of nutrients by phytoplankton, data from 143 lakes, from 2008 to 2010, including three very different types of topography, i.e., the first topography ladder(FTL), second topography ladder(STL), and third topography ladder(TTL), were statistically analyzed. Lakes in the FTL and STL, located at high elevation(above1000 m) and low longitudes(lower than 105° E), were sporadically oligotrophic, whereas lakes in the TTL were almost all mesotrophic and eutrophic. The trophic level index(TLI)became higher with the rise of longitude. Two turning points(5 and 15°C) on the curve of TLI as function of the average annual temperature(AAT) corresponded with the AAT in different lake regions in the STL and TTL. Because the responses of TLI to AAT differ significantly, there were variations of nutrient and algal biomass concentrations in different lake regions in the same type of topography ladder. According to the differences in utilization efficiency of total nitrogen or total phosphorus by phytoplankton, China could be partitioned into six lake regions. Scientific nutrient criteria for each lake region shall be established considering these differences in China. 相似文献
The article examines whether agricultural training boosted technology adoption and productivity was a key issue that was concerned by policymakers and researchers. Thus, impacts of fertilizer application training programs on the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity were analyzed by using the survey data of 691 apple growers. The results indicated that: (i) compared with farmers who did not participate in fertilizer application training programs, the probability of the adoption of formula fertilization techniques was significantly increased by 256.1% for farmers who participated in fertilizer application training programs; (ii) fertilizer application training programs boosted the adoption of formula fertilization techniques via influencing farmers' cognition and willingness; (iii) yield was significantly increased by 14.3% at the 5% level through participating in fertilizer application training programs, and fertilizer application training programs improved agricultural productivity by means of enhancing the adoption of formula fertilization techniques. This study was conducive to evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural training and boosting agricultural sustainable development. 相似文献
• A hydrophilic resin (GCHM) was facile synthesis and characterized.• Average absolute recovery of GCHM (75.6%) performs better than Oasis® HLB.• Detection limits of method (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) ranged between 0.03 and 0.6 ng/L.• 22 PPCPs were determined in environmental waters ranging from 0.5 to 1590 ng/L. In this study, a hydrophilic resin named GCHM was fabricated based on poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-divinylbenzene), characterized, and applied as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) material. Up to 44 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) belonging to 10 classes were recovered in environmental water samples. Different variables affecting extraction, such as adsorbent amount, sample pH, and loading speed, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the average absolute recovery of 44 PPCPs was 75.6% using GCHM, indicating a better performance than the commercial Oasis® HLB. SPE with home-made hydrophilic polymeric sorbent followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was validated, and the method achieved good linearity (r2>0.991, for all analytes). In addition, the method detection limits of target compounds ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 ng/L. The developed method was applied to determine PPCPs in 10 environmental water samples taken from the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, and Taihu Lake, 1 groundwater sample from Changzhou in Jiangsu Province, 1 wastewater sample from Xiamen and 2 seawater samples from the Jiulong River in Fujian Province, China. In these samples, 22 compounds were determined at levels ranging from 0.5 to 1590 ng/L. 相似文献
N2O is a powerful greenhouse gas and plays an important role in destructing the ozone layer. This present work investigated the effects of Pd doping on N2O formation over Pt/BaO/Al2O3 catalyst. Three types of catalysts, Pt/BaO/Al2O3, Pt/Pd mechanical mixing catalyst (Pt/BaO/Al2O3 + Pd/Al2O3) and Pt-Pd co-impregnation catalyst (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were first evaluated in NSR activity tests using H2/CO as reductants and then carefully characterized by BET, CO chemisorption, CO-DRIFTs and H2-TPR techniques. In addition, temperature programmed reactions of NO with H2/CO were conducted to obtain further information about N2O formation mechanism. Compared with Pt/BaO/Al2O3, (Pt/BaO/ Al2O3 + Pd/Al2O3) produced less N2O and more NH3 during NOx storage and reduction process, while an opposite trend was found over (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3 + Al2O3). Temperature programmed reactions of NO with H2/CO results showed that Pd/Al2O3 component in (Pt/BaO/Al2O3 + Pd/Al2O3) played an important role in NO reduction to NH3, and the formed NH3 could reduce NOx to N2 leading to a decrease in N2O formation. Most of N2O formed over (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3 + Al2O3) was originated from Pd/BaO/Al2O3 component. H2-TPR results indicated Pd-Ba interaction resulted in more difficultto- reduce PdOx species over Pd/BaO/Al2O3, which inhibits the NO dissociation and thus drives the selectivity to N2O in NO reduction.