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181.
182.
Liu P Zhu D Zhang H Shi X Sun H Dang F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1053-1060
Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature. 相似文献
183.
电动力学技术修复苯酚污染土壤的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用电动力学技术对苯酚污染砂土的修复进行了实验研究.探讨了苯酚污染砂土电动力学修复的可行性及在不同电场强度下苯酚的迁移特征和机制.研究了采用添加阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和控制液(柠檬酸和NaOH)等对迁移效果的影响,以及苯酚在砂土中的迁移和分布规律.实验结果表明,在电场作用下苯酚在砂土中发生富集.在电场强度为2.0V/cm时的苯酚富集效果明显,比在电场强度为0.5 V/cm时苯酚多增加30%,且向阳极的迁移距离增大了12 cm;在阴极添加不同浓度的LAS,苯酚在砂土中的富集效果不同,LAS浓度越大向阳极迁移得越快富集效果越明显,当LAS为0.046 0 mol/L时苯酚最高增加了143%;向阳极添加NaOH,苯酚在阳极区增加了136%,比向阴极添加柠檬酸的效果明显. 相似文献
184.
An open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) system was set up for 3-day continuous line-averaged volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring in a paint manufacturing plant. Seven VOCs (toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, methanol, acetone, and 2-butanone) were identified in the ambient environment. Daytime-only batch operation mode was well explained by the time-series concentration plots. Major sources of methanol, m-xylene, acetone, and 2-butanone were identified in the southeast direction where paint solvent manufacturing processes are located. However, an attempt to uncover sources of styrene was not successful because the method detection limit (MDL) of the OP-FTIR system was not sensitive enough to produce conclusive data. In the second scenario, the OP-FTIR system was set up in an industrial complex to distinguish the origins of several VOCs. Eight major VOCs were identified in the ambient environment. The pollutant detected wind-rose percentage plots that clearly showed that ethylene, propylene, 2-butanone, and toluene mainly originated from the tank storage area, whereas the source of n-butane was mainly from the butadiene manufacturing processes of the refinery plant, and ammonia was identified as an accompanying reduction product in the gasoline desulfuration process. Advantages of OP-FTIR include its ability to simultaneously and continuously analyze many compounds, and its long path length monitoring has also shown advantages in obtaining more comprehensive data than the traditional multiple, single-point monitoring methods. 相似文献
185.
沼泽红假单胞菌W12对活性黑5的厌氧脱色和降解作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从处理印染废水的厌氧移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor, MBBR)中分离到一株具有高效脱色活性的沼泽红假单胞菌W12。经实验确定W12对活性黑5(reactive black 5,RB5)脱色的适宜条件为:pH<10;有光照;谷氨酸盐或乳酸盐作为碳源,当乳酸钠为碳源时浓度应>500 mg/L;盐度不超过5%;RB5浓度不大于700 mg/L。紫外可见光谱扫描结果表明,RB5的脱色和降解过程生成芳香胺类化合物,这些中间产物可进一步降解。此外发现,RB5诱导生成的胞外代谢物能提高W12的脱色活性。 相似文献
186.
错流式生物滴滤床净化甲苯废气 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用焦化厂污泥为菌源驯化甲苯降解菌,接种错流式生物滴滤床,净化含甲苯废气。研究了生物滴滤床的挂膜启动和长期运行情况,填料和营养液对滴滤床去除能力的影响,并对长期运行的压降进行了观察分析。反应器挂膜启动需要6 d时间,稳定运行的平均去除效率为95%,单位体积最大去除负荷为251 g/(m3·h)。结果表明,采用错流式生物滴滤床可以有效去除甲苯废气;以比表面积大的生物陶粒作为填料以及定期适量更换营养液,均有助于提高生物滴滤床的去除能力;错流式生物滴滤床具有压降小、气液分布均匀的特点。 相似文献
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190.
Zhalong National Nature Reserve in the northeast of China is a large wetland and a habitat of hundreds species of fauna and
flora. The rare red-crowned crane is one kind of endangered birds in it. Recently, Zhalong wetland is shrinking and it encounters
many problems including occasional fires, bad water quality, human activities, etc. In order to find out a proper way to protect
and restore the wetland, this study, using a geographic information system, the global positioning system and remote sensing
techniques, analyses the spatial characteristics of the changes in marsh landscape pattern and examines the driving factors
for these changes. Data sources include 8 Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images of Zhalong area in the period of 1986–2002
and the investigation information on site. Based on the analysis of changes of marsh area and annual precipitation during
the 16 years, it is found that there is a close correlation between annual precipitation and marsh area. It means that climate
is one of driving factors of marsh pattern changes. To understand influences of other kinds of land uses on marsh spatial
distribution in Zhalong wetland, this paper analyses the relationship between marsh and different kinds of land uses, such
as water surface, residential area, farmland, salina land and grass land, respectively. According to the patch analysis theory,
a fragmental index and a fractal dimension of the marsh are calculated with perimeter-area method. The results indicate that
the marsh pattern is affected by human activities significantly. In addition, the location alteration of marsh centroid point
over the 16 years is studied. The movement trace of marsh centroid point is concerned with different hydrological situation
in different areas of the wetland. In summary the characteristics of the marsh landscape pattern evolution during the 16 years
are affected by multiple driving factors. The main driving factors are climate, human activities, distribution of other kinds
of land uses and hydrological situation in different areas. 相似文献