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141.
Stuchlík E. Appleby P. Bitušík P. Curtis C. Fott J. Kopáček J. Pražáková M. Rose N. Strunecký O. Wright R. F. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):127-138
Starolesnianske pleso is a small and shallow acid lake in the High Tatra Mountains, situated at 2000 m above sea level, on granitic bedrock, with sparse and thin soil cover. When detailed measurements began in the 1980s Starolesnianske pleso had pH below 5 and only one species of cladoceran zooplankton, the ubiquitous Chydorus sphaericusPalaeolimnological investigations show changes in cladoceran zooplankton and chironomid zoobenthic assemblages since about 1920 and a major change in 1970–1980. The dynamic acidification model MAGIC was used to reconstruct changes in water chemistry over the past 150 years. The results from MAGIC agree well with the sediment record; pH levels gradually decreased from 6.5 in the mid-1800s to about 5.6 in 1920 (first response in biota) to below 5.0 by 1970, and concentrations of inorganic aluminium rose dramatically beginning about 1960. In the 1990s the lake water chemistry showed clear signs of reversal in acidification brought about by a major decline in S deposition. 相似文献
142.
Hysteresis in Reversal of Central European Mountain Lakes from Atmospheric Acidification 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kopáček Jiří StuchlÍk Evžen Veselý Josef Schaumburg Jochen Anderson Iris C. Fott Jan Hejzlar Josef Vrba Jaroslav 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):91-114
Extremely high emissions of S and N compounds in Central Europe (both 280 mmol m-2 yr-1) declined by 70and 35%, respectively, during the last decade. Decreaseddeposition rates of SO4
-2, NO3
-, and NH4
+ in the region paralleled emission declines. The reduction in atmospheric inputs of S and N to mountain ecosystemshas resulted in a pronounced reversal of acidification in the Tatra Mountains and Bohemian Forest lakes. Between the 1987–1990and 1997–1999 periods, concentrations of SO4
-2 and NO3
- decreased (average ± standard deviation) by 22±7 and 12±7 mol L-1, respectively, in theTatra Mountains, and by 19±7 and 15±10 mol L-1, respectively, in the Bohemian Forest. Their decrease was compensated in part (1) by a decrease in Ca2+ + Mg2+ (17±7 mol L-1) and H+ (4±6 mol L-1), and an increase in HCO3
-(10±10 mol L-1) in the Tatra Mountains lakes, and (2) by a decrease in Al (7±4 mol L-1), Ca2+ + Mg2+ (9±6 mol L-1), and H+ (6±5 mol L-1), in Bohemian Forest lakes. Despite the rapid decline in lake water concentrations of SO4
-2 and NO3
- in response to reduced S and N emissions, their present concentrations in some lakes are higher than predictionsbased on observed concentrations at comparable emission rates during development of acidification. This hysteresis in chemical reversal from acidification has delayed biological recovery of the lakes. The only unequivocal sign of biological recovery hasbeen observed in erné Lake (Bohemian Forest) where a cladoceran species Ceriodaphnia quadrangular has recentlyreached its pre-acidification abundance. 相似文献
143.
144.
X-ray powder diffraction was used to study the calcification of the first larval shell of Ostrea edulis (sampled in Limski kanal, Istria, Adriatic Sea in April 1986) from the trochophore stage to the veliger larvae (prodissoconch I), and development of the latter up to several days postfertilization (prodissoconch II). In the first stage, only the amorphous component is present (periostracum and organic matrix). The beginning of shell formation is manifested by the appearance of calcite (up to 1–4% of the total vol.) and then aragonite (2 to 7%). In a later stage of the veliger larvae the fraction of calcite decreases, as well as the fraction of the amorphous component, while the fraction of aragonite rapidly increases. In the prodissoconch II stage, aragonite is dominant, with a very small amount of amorphous component and traces of calcite. In contrast, the valves of the adult O. edulis are composed mainly of calcite, with traces of aragonite. 相似文献
145.
Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli Oleg Antonić Dragan Bukovec Donat Petricioli Ivica Janeković Josip Križan Vladimir Kušan Sandro Dujmović 《Ecological modelling》2006
Within the framework of the 3-year project “Mapping the habitats of the Republic of Croatia” the marine benthic habitats of the entire Croatian maritory were mapped. The supralittoral and the mediolittoral were mapped as a function of the coastal lithology and the presumed levels of human impact (both in scale of 1:100,000). The infralittoral was mapped on the basis of spatial modelling (using neural networks as a modelling tool, data about habitats collected by fieldwork as the independent variable for training and testing the model, and the digital bathymetrical model, the distance from coast, the second spectral channel of Landsat ETM+ satellite image and the sea bottom sea temperature, salinity and current magnitude, as dependent variables). The circalittoral and the bathyal were mapped by overlapping and reinterpretation of the existing spatial databases (bathymetry and lithology) within the framework of the raster-GIS. 相似文献
146.
Jana Mrázová Martina Gažarová Jana Kopčeková Anna Kolesárová Ondřej Bučko Branislav Bobček 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(1):69-74
AbstractThe aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of consumption of selenium-enriched pork on selected health indicators of probands. The intake of feed mixture with increased organic selenium at the dose of 0.3?mg.kg?1 probably increases selenium concentration in MSM (musculus semimembranosus). In the pork enriched with organic selenium, the concentration was higher by 1.045?±?0.10?mg.kg?1 compared with the control group 0.701?±?0.05?mg.kg?1 at significance P?<?0.001. Sixteen participants in the experiment were represented by 8 men at the average age of 41.5?±?11.9?years and 8 women at the average age of 41.4?±?7.9?years. All the probands consumed meat enriched with selenium three times a week during one month. By consumption of the enriched pork, there was an increase of the selenium concentration in blood serum of probands traced with selenium increase from 73.19?±?15.68?μg.L?1 to 73.73?±?15.13?μg.L?1 (P?>?0.05). From the results we can see that consumption of enriched pork with selenium was significantly manifested in lowering of total cholesterol levels, which was associated with LDL cholesterol lowering (P?<?0.05). Differences among the HDL cholesterol and triglycerides samples were not significant. 相似文献
147.
It has been proposed that blue-green egg colours have evolved as a post-mating signal of female quality, selected by males
allocating their parental effort in response to the strength of this signal. We tested two main assumptions of the sexually
selected egg coloration hypothesis: (1) whether the intensity of eggshell blue-green chroma (BGC) reflects female quality;
and (2) whether males make their decisions on the level of parental care that they provide according to the intensity of eggshell
BGC. As a model species, we chose the facultatively polygynous great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). In this species, females simultaneously paired with the same male, compete for his nest attendance and could benefit from
signalling their quality through egg coloration. However, we found no association between the variation in eggshell BGC and
the measures of female quality (physical condition, mean egg volume and age). Moreover, great reed warbler males did not adjust
their investment (as measured in terms of nest defence against a brood parasite) in relation to the eggshell BGC. We conclude
that blue-green egg coloration in this open-nesting passerine is unlikely to have a signalling function. Rather, the large
colour variation among clutches of individual females may depend on yearly fluctuations in environmental conditions. 相似文献
148.
Haidi Arbanasić Martina Đuras Martina Podnar Tomislav Gomerčić Snježana Ćurković Ana Galov 《Marine Biology》2014,161(10):2407-2422
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the most common cetacean species worldwide and the only marine mammal species resident in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. To gain insight into genetic diversity of bottlenose dolphins at adaptively important loci relevant to conservation, we analysed the polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which play a key role in pathogen confrontation and clearance. Specifically, we examined the diversity of MHC class II DRA, DQA and DQB alleles in 50 bottlenose dolphins from the Adriatic Sea collected between 1997 and 2011 and in 12 animals from other Mediterranean locations. Notable variation in DQA, DQB and three-locus haplotypes was found, with all 10 DQA and 12 DQB alleles encoding unique protein products. Analysis of the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates suggests that positive selection acts at both highly variable loci. Phylogenetic analyses revealed trans-species polymorphism at the DQB locus, strongly indicating the influence of balancing selection in the long term. In fact, the balancing selection observed in bottlenose dolphins is higher than that reported for most other cetaceans and comparable to that seen in terrestrial mammals. 相似文献
149.
Snežana B. Vučetić Ognjen Lj. Rudić Siniša L. Markov Oskar J. Bera Ana M. Vidaković Andrijana S. Sever Skapin Jonjaua G. Ranogajec 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11228-11237
The work studies the photocatalytic activity and the antifungal efficiency of the TiO2/Zn-Al coatings placed on the target commercial façade paints. The photocatalytic active nanocomposite based on TiO2 and Zn-Al-layered double hydroxides (ZnAl-LDHs) was synthesized by a wet impregnation technique with 3 % w/w TiO2. The freshly prepared suspension was applied by spray technique on the surfaces of the white façade paints. The goal of the work was to develop a method that quickly quantifies the antifungal activity of the commercial façade paints with and without biocidal components covered with a photocatalytic coating. The essence of the proposed method is the monitoring of the fungal growth (artificial ageing conditions) and the quantification of its development (UV-A 0.13 mWcm?2) on the façade paint surfaces. A special fungus nutrient (potato dextrose agar (PDA)) was inoculated with the spores of the Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275, and the test samples (façade paints with and without photocatalytic coating) were placed on the inoculated nutrient in the petri dishes. The images of the fungal growth on the samples of the facade paints, during a period of 5 days, were imported into Matlab R2012a where they were converted to binary images (BW), based on the adequate threshold. The percentage of the surface coverage was calculated by applying the specifically written program code which determines the ratio of the black and white pixels. The black pixels correspond to the surface covered with hyphae and mycelia of the fungus. 相似文献
150.
Martin de Luis Katarina Čufar Miguel Angel Saz Luis Alberto Longares Andrej Ceglar Lučka Kajfež-Bogataj 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(5):1801-1810
A quality-controlled and enhanced database of 38 temperature and 52 precipitation stations was developed for Slovenia, a transitional area between Mediterranean, Alpine and continental climatic regimes, covering the period 1951–2007. Mean annual temperatures significantly increased in nearly all of Slovenia (except western areas) at rates between 0.15 and 0.36 °C/decade. Warming was most intense strongest in summer and spring in north-eastern Slovenia (0.3–0.4 °C/decade) and weakest in autumn. Precipitation trends were heterogeneous. Annual precipitation decreased significantly in the north-western part, at 3–6 % per decade. During spring and summer, decrease in rainfall by 3–6 % was detected in western Slovenia. No significant trends were found for the autumn season. In winter, precipitation decreased, by 3–12 % per decade, in particular in north-western Slovenia. As observed also elsewhere in Central Europe, changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns may have contributed to the observed long-term warming and drying in Slovenia. However, the strong warming in summer and spring, that is almost twice the trend observed in neighbouring countries, could be enhanced by drier soils caused by the decrease in winter precipitation in Slovenia. 相似文献