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151.
Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution
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Hongkui Zhou Jianjun Wu Guangpo Geng Xiaohan Li Qianfeng Wang Tianjie Lei Xinyu Mo Leizhen Liu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(6):1409-1423
Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution. 相似文献
152.
湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力评价 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
以城市应急管理能力及其内涵为基础,运用层次分析法,对湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力进行综合评价.结果表明:①从时间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力综合评分值由2005年的5.67、3.66、3.34分别增加到2006年的5.82、4.20、3.98,说明长株潭灾害应急管理能力均有所增强,这是因为应急管理能力是随城市社会经济的发展而增强的;②从空间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力存在一定的区域差异;③从整体上看,长株潭的灾害应急管理能力排名为长沙市>株洲市>湘潭市,其主要是由城市化水平及经济实力的差异所致. 相似文献
153.
Photocatalytic purification of volatile organic compounds in indoor air: A literature review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jinhan Mo Yinping Zhang Qiujian Xu Jennifer Joaquin Lamson Rongyi Zhao 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(14):2229-2246
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are prevalent components of indoor air pollution. Among the approaches to remove VOCs from indoor air, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is regarded as a promising method. This paper is a review of the status of research on PCO purification of VOCs in indoor air. The review and discussion concentrate on the preparation and coating of various photocatalytic catalysts; different kinetic experiments and models; novel methods for measuring kinetic parameters; reaction pathways; intermediates generated by PCO; and an overview of various PCO reactors and their models described in the literature. Some recommendations are made for future work to evaluate the performance of photocatalytic catalysts, to reduce the generation of harmful intermediates and to design new PCO reactors with integrated UV source and reaction surface. 相似文献
154.
近年来,江苏近岸海域水质不佳,赤潮、绿潮等生态灾害屡屡发生,富营养化是其潜在原因之一。本文对该海域2019年和2020年春、夏、秋季航次监测的无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)、叶绿素a(Chl a)等水质参数进行了空间分析,采用指数评价法量化了该海域的富营养化程度,并基于统计分析研究了该海域的富营养化特征。结果表明:江苏近岸海域DIN浓度和SRP浓度总体呈现近岸高、远岸低的分布特征,营养盐浓度与盐度呈显著负相关关系;在降水量和径流量更大的夏季,营养盐浓度和Chl a浓度比春季和秋季更高;丰水年(2020年)相较平水年(2019年),该海域的氮磷比和富营养化程度均更高。因此,陆源输入对江苏近岸海域的富营养化程度有至关重要的影响,加强对入海河流的监测和排污治理是缓解该海域富营养化的关键。 相似文献
155.
本文利用2021年8月海州湾渔港经济区及邻近海域表层沉积物中的主要污染物调查结果,讨论分析了调查海域沉积物中污染物的分布特征及生态风险。结果表明:海州湾渔港经济区沉积物中石油类、有机碳、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量都高于渔港邻近海域沉积物;有机碳、石油类、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg的含量总体上从渔港向邻近海域呈现明显的下降趋势;硫化物的含量总体上从渔港向邻近海域呈现升高趋势;Cu、Pb、As的含量在渔港口门最低,总体上呈现从渔港港口向港内和邻近海域升高的趋势。部分渔港沉积物中石油类含量超过国家一类沉积物质量标准。调查海域重金属综合潜在生态风险总体上较低,但渔港经济区处于中等生态风险水平,其中,Hg和Cd潜在生态风险因子较大。 相似文献
156.
157.
废钻井液对环境污染及固化处理室内研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
目前我国许多油田钻井井场位于稻田、麦田、虾池和鱼塘周围,而废钻井液中含有无机盐、重金属组分、油品及大量有机聚合物,其中有些是有害物质,一口井的废钻井液一般可达200~300m~3。这些废钻井液堆放在井场不进行处理会对周围环境造成较大污染。为此,如何处理这些废钻井液是目前令人极为关心的课题。本文分析了我国一些油田废钻井液的毒性;介绍了毒性提取、评价方法及其对土壤、植物和海洋生物的影响,同时重点介绍用化学固化方法处理废钻井液的结果。通过对现场的5个废钻井液的固化处理室内试验证实,废钻井液固化后有一定强度,其水浸出液清彻透明,达到排放标准,固化体可进行掩埋恢复地貌,也可作为建筑材料使用。 相似文献
158.
159.
城市污泥及其堆肥施用对通菜中有机污染物的累积效应 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
在水稻土上施用城市污泥及其堆肥盆栽通菜,应用GC/MS联机检测技术对植株中8类共44种有机污染物进行系统分析。结果表明,通菜中检出28种有机化合物,主要是邻苯二甲酸酯类、硝基苯类和多环芳烃类化合物。各类污染物均以个别或少数化合物为主,其它化合物的含量低得多或未检出。施用污泥的通菜中有机污染物的含量普遍较高,是空白对照的数倍至数10倍,而施用各种污泥堆肥的通菜中有机污染物的含量普遍较低,甚至低于空白对照,尤其是施用污泥加牛粪堆肥的通菜中仅检出1种化合物。因此,污泥直接施用可能导致作物中有机污染物的吸收累积,需经适当的堆肥处理后施用才较为安全。 相似文献
160.
Weiwei Chen Daniel Tong Shichun Zhang Mo Dan Xuelei Zhang Hongmei Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,38(12):133-141
This study presents the observations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations at an agricultural site from April to October 2012 in Dehui city,China.Ambient air was sampled by filter-based samplers and online PM monitors.The filter samples were analyzed to determine the abundance of ionic/inorganic elements,organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC).The daily PM_(10) concentrations varied significantly over the monitoring period,with an average of168 ± 63(in the range of 52-277) μg/m~3 during the land preparation/planting period(26 April-15 June),85 ± 65(36-228) μg/m~3 during the growing season(16 June-25 September),and 207 ±88(103-310) μg/m~3 during the harvest period(26 September-31 October).PM_(2.5) accounted for44%,56%and 66%of atmospheric PM_(10) during these periods,respectively.The PM_(10) diurnal variation showed a distinct peak from 16:00 to 21:00(LST) during the growing and harvesting seasons,while a gradual increase throughout the daytime until 17:00 was observed during tilling season.Mineral dust elements(Al,Ca,Fe,and Mg) dominated the PM_(10) chemical composition during the tilling season;OC,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+ during the growing season;and carbonaceous species(i.e.,OC and EC) during the harvesting season.Our results indicate that the soil particles emitted by farm tillage and organic matter released from straw burning are the two most significant sources of PM_(10) emissions contributing to the recurring high pollution events in this region.Therefore,development of agricultural PM inventories from soil tillage and straw burning is prioritized to support air quality modeling. 相似文献