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废弃铅锌冶炼厂重金属污染场地的健康风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对广西某废弃铅锌冶炼厂区进行布点采样、监测分析,选取Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As六种重金属元素作为评价因子,对污染场地进行健康风险评价.结果显示,指数评价法表明厂区污染状况为废渣>>建筑垃圾>土壤,Cd >Zn >As >Pb >Cu> Cr,土壤受到中度污染,废渣和建筑垃圾受到重度污染.健康风险评价法表明土壤、废渣和建筑垃圾的危害商分别为2.032、13.891、2.975,非致癌危害废渣>>建筑垃圾>土壤;Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、As的危害商分别为0.053、0.118、0.184、7.001、11.542,非致癌危害As >Cd >Cr>Zn >Cu.土壤、废渣和建筑垃圾的致癌风险分别为5.387E-04、7.954E-04、2.455E-04,致癌危害废渣>土壤>建筑垃圾;As、Cd、Cr的致癌风险分别为5233E-04、2.400E-05、1.032E-03,致癌危害Cr>As >Cd.综上,人体健康危害废渣>建筑垃圾>土壤,主要危害元素为As、Cd、Cr. 相似文献
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He NIU Ziwei MO Min SHAO Sihua LU Shaodong XIE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(5):1
We develop a multi-effect evaluation method to assess integrated impact of VOCs. Enable policy-makers to identify important emission sources, regions, and key species. Solvent usage and industrial process are the most important anthropogenic sources. Styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene are key species to be cut. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the atmosphere via three main pathways: photochemical ozone formation, secondary organic aerosol production, and direct toxicity to humans. Few studies have integrated these effects to prioritize control measures for VOCs sources. In this study, we developed a multi-effects evaluation methodology based on updated emission inventories and source profiles, by combining the ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and VOC toxicity data. We derived species-specific emission inventories for 152 sources. The OFPs, SOAPs, and toxicity of each source were estimated, the contribution and sharing of source to each of these adverse effects were calculated. Weightings were given to the three adverse effects by expert scoring, and then the integrated effect was determined. Taking 2012 as the base year, solvent use and industrial process were found to be the most important anthropogenic sources, accounting for 24.2% and 23.1% of the integrated effect, respectively, followed by biomass burning, transportation, and fossil fuel combustion, each had a similar contribution ranging from 16.7% to 18.6%. The top five industrial sources, including plastic products, rubber products, chemical fiber products, the chemical industry, and oil refining, accounted for nearly 70.0% of industrial emissions. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong were the five provinces contributing the largest integrated effects. For the VOC species from emissions showed the largest contributions were styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene. 相似文献
296.
保守性离子在包气带层状土中运移规律研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为研究溶质在多层层状包气带土中运移规律,选取5种颗粒配比不同的土样填装成由粗及细和由细及粗两分层顺序相反的土柱,通过室内试验研究保守性Br-在两种不同结构层状土中基本运移规律。研究得出:当土体表层遭受浓度为200 g/L Na Br一次性污染,在15 mm/12 h降雨强度下,Br-在第1、2层土体浓度经历快速上升段、峰值段、下降段3个阶段变化,第3、4、5层土体浓度经历上升段、平稳下降段。试验结束时,Br-在由粗及细的土柱中分布较均匀,在由细及粗的土柱中集中在表层;溶质穿透整个土柱的时间,由粗及细结构比由细及粗结构提前96 h。结果表明,在截污性能和延缓溶质向地下水补给方面,由细及粗结构均要优于由粗及细的结构。 相似文献
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298.
Palle Paul Mejame Mejame Young Mo Kim Dae Sung Lee Seong-Rin Lim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):100-109
Technology development has brought beneficial changes in the functions of smartphones but has the potential to impact the environment due to the high generation of waste smartphones. Thus, this study evaluates and compares environmental impact potentials from metals in waste smartphones to figure out the effect of smartphone model replacements on hazardous waste, resource depletion, and toxicity potentials. The total threshold limit concentration (TTLC) analysis is used to determine whether the waste smartphones would be classified as hazardous waste, and the life-cycle impact assessment methods are used to evaluate resource depletion, cancer, non-cancer, and ecotoxicity potentials. The TTLC results showed that the smartphone technology development did not reduce hazardous waste potentials. The life-cycle impact assessment results showed that the technology development overall reduced resource depletion potential but increased toxicity potential. In addition, priority metals contributing to the potentials were identified to effectively manage their environmental impacts. This study can provide fundamental information for smartphone manufacturers, waste smartphone recyclers and disposers, and e-waste policymakers to circulate resources and to prevent environmental pollutions from hazardous and toxic materials. 相似文献
299.
Yujie Sha Huan Wu Yue Guo Xi Liu Yan Mo Qiyuan Yang Shumao Wei Kunling Long Du Lu Ying Xia Weiwei Zheng Zhiheng Su Xiao Wei 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):91-104
Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage.... 相似文献
300.
Potential of different species for use in removal of DDT from the contaminated soils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE (DDTs in this study included DDT, DDD and DDE), are frequently detected in agricultural soils even though its usage in agriculture was banned in 1980s or earlier. In this study, eleven plants including eight maize (Zea mays) cultivars and three forage species (alfalfa, ryegrass and teosinte) widely cultivated in China were grown in the soils spiked with DDTs to investigate their potential for removal of DDT from the contaminated soils. The plants varied largely in their ability to accumulate and translocate DDTs, with the bioconcentration factor (BCF; DDT concentration ratio of the plant tissues to the soils) ranging from 0.014 to 0.25 and the translocation factor (TF; DDT concentration ratio of the shoots to the roots) varying from 0.35 (Zea mays cv Chaotian-23) to 0.76 (Zea mays spp. mexicana). The amount of DDT phytoextraction ranged from 3.89mug (ryegrass) to 27.0mug (teosinte) and accounted for <0.1% of the total initial DDTs spiked in the soils. After 70d, the removal rates reached 47.1-70.3% of the total initial DDTs spiked in the soils with plants while that was only 15.4% in the soils without plant. Moreover, the higher removal rates of DDTs occurred at the first 20d of experiment, and then the removal rate decreased with time. The highest amount of DDTs phytoextracted was observed in teosinte, followed by Zea mays spp. mexicana, but the highest removal rate of DDTs was found in maize (Zea mays cv Jinhai-6). Even though phytoextraction is not the main removal process for DDTs, the plant species especially Zea mays cv Jinhai-6 showed high potential for removing DDTs from the contaminated soils. 相似文献