重防腐涂料在海洋工程钢结构中的研究进展

海洋重防腐涂料是金属腐蚀防护的重要手段,具有相对于常规防腐涂料更长的保护期。简述了海洋工程钢结构的腐蚀现状以及海洋重防腐涂料研究的必要性,总结了国内外在重防腐涂料领域的研究进展,介绍了溶剂型重防腐涂料的主要种类和目前的制备工艺,水性重防腐涂料的种类和发展趋势,以及新型纳米改性涂料的特点和应用情况。     

Stressful work characteristics,health indicators and work behavior: the case of machine operators

This article shows the results of research on psychosocial risks for a group of machine and plant operators (n?=?1014) from the construction, chemical, energy, mining, metal and food industries in Poland. The Psychosocial Risk Scale designed in Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM) by Moscicka-Teske and Potocka was used to indicate the occurrence of general and specific occupational stressors and the level of their stressfulness. The results revealed that the studied machine and plant operators experience job context stress – related to working environment features concerning work organization – more frequently than job content stressors – related to the type of tasks they perform. Moreover, a correlation analysis between work features and the health and occupational functioning of the respondents revealed significant but weak relationships between the variables (from ?0.08 to ?0.23). Comparative analysis revealed the differences between the studied sectors. Such a comparison makes it possible to set goals for each sector and to attempt to improve the distinctive areas.     

复合磁性光催化剂Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4/Bi_2WO_6的制备及其光催化性能

以Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4为磁基体,制备了Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4/Bi_2WO_6复合磁性光催化剂。分别采用XRD、SEM、EDS和PL光谱技术对光催化剂进行了表征。利用氙灯为光源,以环丙沙星为目标污染物,考察了光催化剂对环丙沙星的降解性能。表征结果显示:复合磁性光催化剂中Bi_2WO_6晶相含量高,且结晶度大;Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4与Bi_2WO_6的质量比为1∶8时,Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4磁基体与Bi_2WO_6基本复合(该复合磁性光催化剂以Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4/Bi_2WO_6(Ⅱ)表示);Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4/Bi_2WO_6复合光催化剂光生空穴和电子复合几率低,具有较好的光催化性能。实验结果表明,Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4/Bi_2WO_6(Ⅱ)具有较高的光催化活性,光催化反应140 min后对环丙沙星的降解率达82.39%,且具有良好的磁性能,易实现固液分离,便于回收再利用。     

固体水造林效果试验研究

本文研究了达拉特旗固体水试验区固体水对土壤含水量、造林成活率、保存率和树木生长情况的影响及效果。结果表明,在鄂尔多斯干旱半干旱地区施用固体水,可以明显地改善土壤水分状况,施用固体水的三个树种的土壤含水量均比对照有不同程度的提高。尤其放置固体水的30-40cm土层,即植物根系的主要分布层的土壤含水量明显高于对照,与对照相比提高1.4%-3.6%;固体水处理对柠条、沙柳、杨树成活和保存均有明显的作用,与对照相比,分别提高了14.6%、19.6%、10.5%和14.2%、24.3%和13.5%;固体水对沙柳、杨树的植株生长也均有明显的促进作用,尤其生物量达到了对照的3倍左右。     

Distribution and habitat characteristics of fishes in the Pearl River Estuary北大核心CSCD

To explore the current situation and distribution of fish in the eight major estuaries of the Pearl River Estuary in China, acoustic detection and water quality monitoring were conducted in 2018. The results showed that almost living in eight major estuaries were juvenile, the proportion of strong echo was higher in winter, and Jiaomen and Modaomen Estuary were relatively rich in adult fish. In winter, the Humen, Jiaomen, and Yamen Estuary had a high density relatively, for 46.05 (± 50.30), 33.12 (± 93), and 32 (± 78) ind/103 m3, respectively. However, the fish densities of the Hengmen, Modaomen, and Hutiaomen estuaries were higher in summer at 55.72 (± 83.23), 37.52 (± 55) and 36 (± 99) ind/103 m3, respectively. Thus, fish are mainly concentrated in the flood tidal estuary in winter and in the ebb tidal estuary in summer. In addition, fish density was higher in flood tide than in ebb tide, and the strong echo proportion was lower. In winter, the key water quality factors affecting the biodiversity of estuary fish Shannon were chlorophyll a (P < 0.05), while what affected the fish density were turbidity and salinity (P < 0.05). This study showed that the Pearl River estuary was still the main habitat for juvenile fish. However, habitat variability is obvious; hence, it is important to flexibly carry out the delimitation of estuarine fish reserves and ecological restoration. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

磺胺类抗生素对斜生栅藻的协同和拮抗作用研究

环境中抗生素复合污染产生的毒性效应具有潜在风险。为系统考察磺胺类抗生素(SAs)混合物的联合毒性效应,以环境中常见的磺胺吡啶(SPY)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺甲氧哒嗪(SMP)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)和磺胺喹噁啉(SQ) 6种SAs及其二元混合物体系(共75条混合物射线)为研究对象,利用96孔微板测定6种SAs及其二元混合物对斜生栅藻(So)的生长抑制毒性,通过浓度加和(CA)、独立作用(IA)模型和模型偏移率(MDR)分析混合物的联合毒性及毒性相互作用。结果表明,6种SAs及其混合物射线对So在96 h呈现明显的毒性,但不同SAs的毒性大小不同,以半数效应浓度的负对数(pEC₅₀)为毒性大小指标,6种SAs的毒性大小顺序为：SQ(pEC₅₀=5.311)>SPY(pEC₅₀=3.757)≈SMZ(pEC₅₀=3.749)>SMP(pEC₅₀=3.680)>SM2(pEC₅₀=3.090)>SMR(pEC...     

三氟乙酸的环境影响来源及其降解

氟氯烃(CFCs)替代物的应用已超过20年,而三氟乙酸(TFA)是其大气中降解的主要产物之一,在全球范围内广泛分布。文章在概述TFA特性和污染现状的基础上,介绍了TFA的来源、汇和环境影响,综述了现有的降解技术,提出了今后研究的展望。由于TFA性质稳定,易于在水体聚积,近十年来开始得到全球研究人员的关注,研究内容主要在环境浓度监测上。TFA在我国环境浓度低于发达国家,但都呈现增长的趋势。TFA具有生物毒性,在自然条件下无明显光解和生物降解,累积到一定浓度时会对整个生态系统,尤其是陆生植物造成显著危害,从而造成潜在威胁。TFA主要来源于CFCs在大气中的降解,主要汇于水体。TFA现有的成功降解报道较少,相对有效的方法是光催化降解法,这也会成为今后的TFA降解研究的主要方法。     

居民为改善北京市大气环境质量的支付意愿研究

用意愿调查价值评估法分析了北京市居民为改善大气环境质量的支付意愿 ,评估大气质量改善的价值 ,并对这一方法在我国的应用进行探讨。结果显示 ,研究范围内的居民为 5年内降低目前大气污染物质浓度的 5 0 %而支付费用的平均支付意愿是 143元 /户·年 (1999年元 ) ,该区域内居民总的支付意愿是 3 .36亿元 /年 (1999年元 ) ,被调查者的家庭收入、教育水平、家庭人口数和年龄等社会经济变量对支付意愿有显著影响。最后 ,对意愿调查价值评估法在我国应用时存在的问题进行了初步探讨     

Macroporous Ni foam-supported Co3O4 nanobrush and nanomace hybrid arrays for high-efficiency CO oxidation

Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr~(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co~(3+)/Co~(2+)= 1.26).