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551.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term consumption of oil and frying oil extracted from falafel patties, and then to study the long-term effect of consumption of falafel patties on rat liver gross morphology and serum liver enzymes. The frying oil quality was assessed using thiobarbituric acid reaction on rat liver homogenate. Frying oil and oil extracted from falafel patties were administered to male Wistar albino rats via gavage for 5 days. Blood samples were collected and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin levels were determined. Livers were weighed and gross morphology was assessed. For the long-term effect of falafel consumption, rats were fed falafel patties for 30 days, and then blood samples were collected and assayed for the above-mentioned parameters. Short-term consumption of falafel extracts and frying oil did not cause any significant difference in the liver function tests and liver gross morphology. Whereas, long-term consumption of falafel patties caused a significant increase in ALP, ALT, bilirubin level and increased liver weight/body weight ratio denoting hepatotoxicity. This indicates that consumption of large amounts of falafel on daily basis might lead to hepatotoxicity. 相似文献
552.
Ali Mohammad Latifi Seyed Mohammad Nabavi Morteza Mirzaei Mahmood Tavalaei Hossein Ghafurian Claire Hellio 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1670-1677
Cesium and mercury are two mono-valent elements which can be found in toxic industrial, medical, and nuclear wastes. Their presence in the environment has deleterious effects on the ecosystem, living organisms including humans. Due to the chemical nature of these metals, bioremediation by conventional methods is more difficult to achieve compared to other metals. In this study, we used three biosorbents (oak powder, gall nut, and bacterial exopolymer) for the bioremediation of Hg and Cs. Bio-polymer was produced in the GMS mineral broth. Synthetic wastes of Hg(NO3)2 and isotope Cs-133 as the single-metal solutions were used. The biorefining process was carried out in glass columns, made of Pyrex, with dimensions 20?×?7/2?cm2 with a V-shaped bottom. The samples were analyzed using atomic absorption. The experimental results showed that eliminated metal percent by oak powder, gall nut, and bacterial exopolymer were, respectively, of 94.8%, 96%, and 13.8% for Hg and 7.8%, 4.4%, and 69.4% for Cs. The tests revealed that Ca++, when used as flocculant, played a key role in both biosorption and bio-precipitation rates. Consequently, it was concluded that the investigated biosorbents could be use as an integrated biosorption system for the refinement of mixed wastes. 相似文献
553.
Protective effects of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes
Seyed Fazel Nabavi Shahram Eslami Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam Naser Jafari Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(8):1666-1675
Protective effects of quercetin against oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride intoxication in rat erythrocytes were evaluated. Rats were divided into five groups consisting of 10 in each for this experiment. The animals of group I received water and standard diet to serve as control group, the animals of groups II and III were treated with quercetin (10 and 20?mg?kg?1 body weight), administrated intraperitoneally for 7 days followed by sodium fluoride (600?ppm) in drinking water for the next 7 days. The animals of group IV were treated with vitamin C (10?mg?kg?1) intraperitoneally for 7 days followed by sodium fluoride treatment for next 7 days serving as positive control group. The animals of group V were treated only with sodium fluoride (600?ppm) for the same time and were used as control group. Blood sample were collected via retro-orbital puncture. The antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as the levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation end products were measured in erythrocytes. There was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation along with a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in the erythrocytes of sodium fluoride-treated animals. Quercetin treatment prior to fluoride administration normalized the levels of all parameters measured in the rat erythrocytes. 相似文献
554.
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha Saeed Amanloo Massoud Kaykhaii 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(1):231-234
Plants are unique sources of useful metabolites. Plant essential oils display a wide range of antimicrobial effects against various pathogens. Here, we studied the essential oil from the seeds of Carum copticum. We monitored aflatoxin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results show that Carum copticum essential oil inhibits Asergillus parasiticus growth and prevents aflatoxin production. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 127.5 μg mL?1 for aflatoxin B1 and 23.22 μg mL?1 for aflatoxin G1. Our findings show that Carum copticum essential oil is a potential candidate for the protection of foodstuff and feeds from toxigenic fungus growth and their subsequent aflatoxin contamination. 相似文献
555.
Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leila Karimnezhad Mohammad Haghighi Esmaeil Fatehifar 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(6):835-844
A series of activated carbons with high surface area were prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation with ZnCl2. In this research the carbonization stage was carried out at 500℃. The performance of the synthesized carbons evaluated in adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas. The influence of impregnation ratio on the characteristics of synthesized activated carbons as well as their adsorption capacity was investigated. The ratio of activation agent to walnut shell was selected in the range of 0.5-2.0 wt/wt. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The highest activated carbon production yield was obtained at impregnation ratio of 1.5 wt/wt. The XRD analysis illustrated that peaks intensity decreased with increasing impregnation ratio showing that amorphous property of samples was increased. The SEM analysis revealed successful pore development in synthesized activated carbons obtained at high impregnation ratios. The surface area of the activated carbons increased with increasing impregnation ratio and its maximum value reached 2643 m2.g 1 at impregnation ratio of 2/1. FTIR analysis indicated that the relative amount of different acidic surface groups on synthesized carbons was a function of impregnation ratio. Experimental results for benzene and toluene adsorption showed a high potential of employing synthesized impregnated activated carbon for treatment of waste gas. Generally, the amount of VOC adsorbed on the surface was affected by physicochemical properties of synthesized activated carbons. 相似文献
556.
Mohammad R. Zolfaghari 《Disasters》2010,34(2):524-541
Many mega cities in developing countries are exposed to the sources of natural catastrophes, particularly seismic activity. A high level of seismic hazard in some of these places, coupled with a relatively high degree of vulnerability within the built environment, can result in dire human and economic consequences. This paper contains examples of such potentially disruptive factors in relation to Tehran, Iran. It presents preliminary seismic loss estimates for residential buildings in a pilot area of northern Tehran. The paper briefly investigates the effectiveness of risk management measures and loss compensation mechanisms before assessing the feasibility of an insurance‐based risk transfer instrument for managing potential seismic losses among residential buildings in Tehran. It goes on to suggest how probabilistic catastrophe loss modelling can help local insurers to manage their portfolios and facilitate risk sharing among insurance companies and households. Finally, the paper addresses the question of how catastrophe loss modelling can help to strengthen the penetration of property insurance in developing countries. 相似文献
557.
Phytoremediation of an aged petroleum contaminated soil using endophyte infected and non-infected grasses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Soleimani M Afyuni M Hajabbasi MA Nourbakhsh F Sabzalian MR Christensen JH 《Chemosphere》2010,81(9):1084-1090
Phytoremediation is a promising technique for cleaning petroleum contaminated soils. In this study, the effects of two grass species (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Festuca pratensis Huds.), infected (E(+)) and non-infected (E(-)) by endophytic fungi (Neotyphodium coenophialum and Neotyphodium uncinatum, respectively) on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in an aged petroleum contaminated soil was investigated. Plants were grown in the soil for 7 months and unplanted soil considered as control. At the end of the experiment, total and oil-degrading bacteria, dehydrogenase activity, water-soluble phenols, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents were measured in the soil. The results demonstrated that E(+) plants contained more root and shoot biomass than E(-) plants and created higher levels of water-soluble phenols and dehydrogenase activity in the soil, while there was no significant difference in bacterial counts of planted soils. Planting stimulated total and oil-degrading bacterial numbers, dehydrogenase activity and the soil content of water-soluble phenols. Regardless of endophyte infection, PAH and TPH removal in the rhizosphere of plants were 80-84 and 64-72% respectively, whereas the removals in controls were 56 and 31%, respectively. It was revealed that TPHs in retention time range of n-alkanes with C(10)-C(25) chain lengths and TPH were more degraded in the rhizosphere of E(+) plants compared to E(-) ones. Thus, grasses infected with endophytic fungi could be more efficient for removal of TPH from oil-contaminated soils. 相似文献
558.
Migration and reclamation in Northeast China in response to climatic disasters in North China over the past 300?years 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Climatic disaster-induced migration and its effects on land exploitation of new settlements is a crucial topic that needs
to be researched to better understand the impact of climate change and human adaptation. This paper focuses on the process
and mechanism of migrant–reclamation in Northeast China in response to climatic disasters over the past 300 years. The research
used comparative analysis of key interlinked factors in this response involving drought/flood events, population, cropland
area, farmer revolts, administrations establishment, and land reclamation policies. It draws the following conclusions: (1)
seven peaks of migrants–reclamation in Northeast China were evident, most likely when frequent climatic disasters happened
in North China, such as the drought–flood in 1851–1859, drought in 1875–1877, and drought 1927–1929; (2) six instances of
policy transformation adopted to cope with extreme climatic events, including distinctive examples like changing to a firm
policy prohibiting migration in 1740 and a subsequent lifting of that prohibition in 1860; and (3) the fast expansion of the
northern agricultural boundary since the middle of the nineteenth century in this area benefited from a climate change trend
from a cold period into a warm period. Altogether, over the past 300 years, extreme climatic disasters in North China have
deepened the contradiction between the limited land resources and the rapidly increasing population and have resulted in migration
and reclamation in Northeast China. Climate, policy, and reclamation constructed an organic chain of response that dominated
the land use/cover change process of Northeast China. 相似文献
559.
Pore-scale modeling of dispersion in disordered porous media 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We employ a direct pore-level model of incompressible flow that uses the modified moving particle semi-implicit (MMPS) method. The model is capable of simulating both unsteady- and steady-state flow directly in microtomography images of naturally-occurring porous media. We further develop this model to simulate solute transport in disordered porous media. The governing equations of flow and transport at the pore level, i.e., Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion, are solved directly in the pore space mapped by microtomography techniques. Three naturally-occurring sandstones are studied in this work. We verify the accuracy of the model by comparing the computed longitudinal dispersion coefficients against the experimental data for a wide range of Peclet numbers, i.e., 5×10(-2)相似文献
560.
Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui Halim Hamid Redhwi Dimitris S. Achilias Elena Kosmidou Eythimia Vakalopoulou Maria D. Ioannidou 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(2):423-433
One of the major disadvantages of polymers when used in food-contact applications is that they are very susceptible to microbial attack. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles have received increased attention as novel antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the introduction of silver nanoparticles into conventional polymers results in new materials with improved properties. In this investigation, colloidal silver nanoparticles using an environmentally friendly procedure were synthesized. An aqueous solution of AgNO3 was used as a silver precursor with ‘green’ reducing agents either different types of honey, or β-d-glucose. In the first case, different pH values, as well as the addition of poly(ethylene glycol), PEG were studied, while in the latter, the effect of reduction time in the presence of PEG with various average molecular weights was examined. Properties of the nanoparticles were measured using X-Ray diffraction, UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Using honey it seems that spherical particles are produced with the smaller average particle size obtained at pH 8.5. Use of honey has the advantage of being a natural product, although its main drawback is that its composition varies and it cannot be predefined to result in reproducible results. Use of β-d-glucose results in stable silver nanoparticles with small average particle size after 24 h reduction. The addition of low molecular weight PEG seems to be beneficial in the production of stable nanoparticles. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles produced was investigated at different concentrations on both Gram positive and negative bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 相似文献