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61.
ABSTRACT: Two dynamic programming models — one deterministic and one stochastic — that may be used to generate reservoir operating rules are compared. The deterministic model (DPR) consists of an algorithm that cycles through three components: a dynamic program, a regression analysis, and a simulation. In this model, the correlation between the general operating rules, defined by the regression analysis and evaluated in the simulation, and the optimal deterministic operation defined by the dynamic program is increased through an iterative process. The stochastic dynamic program (SDP) describes streamflows with a discrete lag-one Markov process. To test the usefulness of both models in generating reservoir operating rules, real-time reservoir operation simulation models are constructed for three hydrologically different sites. The rules generated by DPR and SDP are then applied in the operation simulation model and their performance is evaluated. For the test cases, the DPR generated rules are more effective in the operation of medium to very large reservoirs and the SDP generated rules are more effective for the operation of small reservoirs. 相似文献
62.
Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of methamidophos using online hydrolysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Rasul Jan Jasmin Shah Nadia Bashir M. Salman 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):685-689
A new protocol for the online spectrophotometric determination of methamidophos has been developed. The method is based on online hydrolysis of methamidophos, and the resulting hydrolyzed product is reacted with sodium nitroproside to form a colored complex. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range of 0.5–20 μgml?–?1, with a molar absorptivity of 2.5×104 L mol?1 cm?1. The method is fast and reproducible with a sample throughput of 90 samples/h. The method is successfully applied to formulations and real samples. 相似文献
63.
Nazan Karsavuran Mohammad Charehsaz Hayati Celik Bayram Murat Asma Cengiz Yakıncı 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):1564-1570
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) poisoning due to amygdalin (AMY) in apricot seeds is one of the public health issues in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMY content of 13 different apricot seeds including bitter and sweet ones, and which are either sulfurized or roasted. The AMY content was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography. Release of HCN was predicted and total amount of seeds which can cause poisoning was calculated. The mean AMY content of bitter seeds was 26 ± 14 mg g?1 and that of sweet seeds was 0.16 ± 0.09 mg g?1. The consumption of small amounts of bitter seeds may cause cyanide poisoning. 相似文献
64.
Fenton process, as a pretreatment method, was found to be effective in the primary treatment of mature/medium landfill leachate. However, the main problem of the process is the large amount of produced sludge that requires an accurate feasibility evaluation for operational applications. In this study, the response surface methodology was applied for the modeling and optimization of Fenton process in three target responses, (1) overall COD removal, (2) sludge to iron ratio (SIR) and (3) organics removal to sludge ratio (ORSR), where the latter two were new self-defined responses for prediction of sludge generation and applicability assessment of the process, respectively. The effective variables included the initial pH, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio and Fe2+ dosage. According to the statistical analysis, all the proposed models were adequate (with adjusted R2 of 0.9116–0.9512) and had considerable predictive capability (with prediction R2 up to 0.9092 and appropriate adequate precision). It was found that all the variables had significant effects on the responses, specifically by their observed role in dominant oxidation mechanism. The optimum operational conditions obtained by overlay plot, were found to be initial pH of 5.7, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio of 17.72 and [Fe2+] of 195 mM, which led to 69% COD removal, 2.4 (l sludge/consumed mole Fe2+) of SIR and 16.5 (gCOD removed/l produced sludge) for ORSR in verification test, in accordance with models-predicted values. Finally, it was observed that [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio and Fe2+ dosage had significant influence on COD removal, while Fe2+ dosage and [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio had remarkable effects on SIR and ORSR responses, respectively. 相似文献
65.
Mokarram Marzieh Pourghasemi Hamid Reza Mokarram Mohammad Jafar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):43891-43912
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wind energy is considered one of the most efficient and cost-effective ways to generate electricity, since it has a low environmental impact. So, it... 相似文献
66.
Samari Mohammad Ridha Firas Manovic Vasilije Macchi Arturo Anthony E. J. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2020,25(1):25-41
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Direct air capture (DAC) is a developing technology for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere or from low-CO2-containing... 相似文献
67.
68.
Salehi Tahereh Shirvani Mehran Dinari Mohammad Gavili Edris 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4463-4478
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Adsorptive removal of toxic metals from water using materials with high removal capability and sufficient environmental degradability is of great... 相似文献
69.
Ghalandari Mona Amirkhan Mohammad Amoozad-Khalili Hossein 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(1):451-476
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Considering supply chain efficiency during the network design process significantly affect chain performance improvement. In this paper, the design... 相似文献
70.
Jamialahmadi Nafise Hashemi Mohammad Jalili Ghazizade Mahdi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):2054-2067
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With over 9 million population, challenges of waste management system (WMS) of Tehran can offer some lessons to other middle-income cities. Despite... 相似文献