改性纳米碳管的理化性质、毒性及风险研究进展

随着纳米材料的广泛应用,在生产加工过程中,各种改性后的纳米碳管(CNTs)进入环境。充分认识改性后CNTs的理化性质是对其进行客观风险评价的重要前提。主要分析了几种常用方法改性后的CNTs的悬浮、吸附特征及其理化性质差异,综述了目前CNTs毒理学实验的研究进展,评价了其潜在风险,并提出了今后研究的方向。     

基于排水交汇井液位演算下游管道流量方法的研究

针对利用交汇井液位计算出流量的需求,通过分析交汇井液位及其进出流量之间的关系,提出单井法计算模型;通过分析相邻两座排水交汇井液位和二者之间管道流量之间的关系,提出双井法计算模型。根据模型的边界条件,指出两种方法的适用条件及测试仪器需求。在TC交汇井案例中,根据实际情况,采用双井法建立计算模型,得出相邻两座交汇井液位差与二者之间管道流量的数学关系。     

基于DRASTIC的地下水防污性能评价组合权重分配方法

DRASTIC方法是用于地下水防污性能评价的应用最为广泛的一种方法,但该方法在指标权重分配方面存在缺陷。本文在分析前人已有成果的基础上,提出了一种新的权重分配方法,认为合理的指标权重分配应兼具主观性和客观性特点,应用层次分析法确定主观权重能够充分体现出人为经验对各指标重要程度的判断,应用投影寻踪法确定客观权重可使等级划分评分值差异较大的指标获得更大的权重,用两种权重确定组合权重作为最后的权重分配。实例应用表明方法客观合理。     

Why the Use of Adenoviruses as Water Quality Virologic Marker?

Adenovirus is the virus that contains the highest amount of features favorable to its use as a virologic marker for water quality. Those pathogens are resistant on the environment, abundant, easily detected by molecular methods and are of great importance in public health.     

紫外分光光度法测定水中硝酸盐氮的试验研究

文章通过实验分析了亚硝酸盐、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐和pH对紫外分光光度法测定硝酸盐氮的影响及消除影响的方法。实验结果表明,本法标准曲线相关系数为0.999 9,线性关系好。通过分析不同浓度的多个水样,结果平均标准差和变异系数为0.004 0和2.14%,平均加标回收率100.63%。因此,紫外分光光度法可以作为水中硝酸盐氮测定的择优方法。     

Impact on soil quality of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice poplar stand compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems in a Mediterranean area

Bioenergy crops play an ecologically and economically fundamental role as an alternative to agri-food productions and as renewable energy sources. Little attention has been focused on soil quality following conversion of agricultural lands to biomass crops. Here, we assessed the impact of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice (SRC) poplar stand on the main soil chemical parameters, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Three different harvest frequencies of poplar SRC (annual T1, biannual T2 and triennial T3 cutting cycles) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that poplar SRC improved soil quality compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. T1 and T2 positively affected AMF inoculum potential and root colonisation of a co-occurring plant species, while T3 improved the majority of soil chemical and biochemical parameters. Moreover, three different AMF morphospecies belonging to the genera Glomus and Scutellospora were found in poplar SRC, while morphospecies belonging exclusively to genera Glomus were recorded in intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Such aspects have agro-ecological implications, since the positive changes of soil nutrient availability and carbon content together with a high abundance and diversity of soil biota show clear soil sustainability of poplar SRC.     

Soil quality alteration by mouldboard ploughing in a commercial farm devoted to no-tillage under Mediterranean conditions

In semi-arid Mediterranean areas, studies about conservation tillage (CT) systems have demonstrated advantages in crop yield, soil water storage and soil protection. However, the benefits observed with CT in trials with experimental plots (normally of small dimensions) might not be so clear in large commercial farms. In many areas of SW Spain, farmers often do an occasional tillage with mouldboard ploughing (MP) to avoid potential compaction problems and to encourage the emergence of seedlings. The present study deals with the effect of the application of MP on soil quality: total organic carbon, water soluble carbon, active carbon, microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and o-diphenol oxidase activities and crop development (wheat) in a commercial farm devoted to no-tillage (NT) since 1995. In 2006, MP was applied on a band of the soil, while the rest was left under the strict conservation system. The direct and residual effects of MP in the two subsequent years were evaluated. In the first year MP caused a decrease in soil quality that persisted in the following two years. Emergence, nutrient accumulation, nutrient efficiency ratios and yield of wheat were slightly enhanced by MP in the first year. However, this trend was the opposite in the two subsequent years. Although in other scenarios traditional tillage has been applied to avoid soil compaction and to increase crop yield, under our experimental conditions the occasional mouldboard ploughing application was not justified.     

流化床厌氧反应器流化及反应特性研究

对流化床厌氧反应器的流化及反应特性进行研究,结果显示:床层实际初始流化流速umf为0.138～0.154cm/min,与理论计算值0.143 cm/min一致;在一定范围内,流速增大有利于反应量的提高,当流速为0.414 cm/min时,单位时间内的反应量达到最大,其值为4.66 mg/(L·min);适当提高流速有利...     

某石化公司催化剂企业生产性粉尘危害现状调查分析

目的:调查催化剂企业粉尘危害情况,分析对作业人员健康影响.方法:对现场粉尘浓度进行检测,调查企业粉尘防护情况.结果:粉尘检测结果均符合国家标准限值要求.结论:某催化剂企业粉尘职业危害防控情况较好,粉尘检查结果合格率较高.     

A市产业部门碳排放分布结构及影响因素研究

本研究在对A市碳排放现状进行分析的基础上,分析了A市碳排放产业分布结构和A市碳排放的驱动因素,并根据分析的结果提出A市实现节能减排目标的政策建议。