Développement larvaire de deux Tellinacea,Scrobicularia plana (Semelidae) et Donax vittatus (Donacidae)

Scrobicularia plana Da Costa and Donax vittatus L. were reared in the laboratory through settlement. Fertilizable eggs were obtained by perfusing the ovary with 5% 0.1 M ammonium hydroxyde in sea water. S. plana eggs have a thick chorion, inside which the early larval stages develop; they hatch as straight-hinge larvae more than 60 h after fertilization. This brood protection is considered to be an adaptation to osmotic pressure changes and pollution in the environment. D. vittatus eggs have a very thin chorion and are unprotected. Further development is planktotrophic and very similar for the two species. Under laboratory conditions, the pediveliger stage is attained 3 weeks after fertilization and settlement occurs 1 week thereafter. S. plana spat stop growing until a suitable substratum is available. Meanwhile they undergo a byssus drifting important for postlarval dispersion. Post larvae resume growth as soon as a small quantity of fine sand is added to the rearing jar. The exhalant siphon is developed first, when the post larvae reach a length of 600 m; the inhalant siphon is formed later, at a length of approximately 900 m. Evolution from the larval hinge to the juvenile hinge stage occurs sooner in S. plana than in D. vittatus. Comparison of laboratory larval development with field development indicates that spawning occurs in June and August for S. plana in North Wales (UK).     

浙江省环境保护及相关产业现状分析及发展思路

通过对浙江省环境保护及相关产业现状的调查,基本摸清了当前全省环境保护产品、资源综合利用、环境保护服务和洁净产业等4个方面的发展情况,并从规模、地域、产业结构和效益等方面对其当前发展中存在的问题进行了全面分析,找出其发展过程中存在的问题.结合当前浙江"生态省"建设的现状,提出了浙江省环保相关产业发展的对策和思路,为决策和管理部门提供环境保护及相关产业健康快速发展的科学参考.     

基于环保管理的工厂模型及建模方法研究

基于石化企业环保管理业务现状和需求,从环保信息化实现角度提出从环保管理的组织机构、区域和节点3个层面构建环保工厂模型,保证企业环保管理信息建立在统一规范标准的模型上,并为企业环保信息的标准化和环保数据核算口径的一致性奠定基础,从而有效支撑企业环保管理和科学决策。     

Detection of polychlorinated biphenyls employing chemical dechlorination followed by biphenyl whole cell sensing system

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of 209 individual chlorinated compounds commonly known as PCB congeners. These compounds are hydrophobic and are persistent in the environment. Their use was banned in the US a few decades ago because of harmful health effects. Therefore, detection of PCBs in environmental samples is increasingly important. To that end, we have developed a two-step simple and sensitive method for the detection of total PCBs. Specifically, our method involves dechlorination of PCBs to biphenyl followed by detection of biphenyl using a whole cell sensing system as the detection system. The whole cell sensing system consists of cells of the strain Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 harboring plasmid pSD7000. Plasmid pSD7000 contains the gene of lacZ, a reporter protein under the control of the bph operon. The detection is achieved through the emission of light afforded by the expression of reporter protein triggered by the presence of biphenyl. Due to the fact that this operon is activated only by few PCB congeners, a chemical dechlorination method was employed to convert all PCBs to biphenyl, and thus all the PCBs present in a given sample are able to be detected. The results showed that PCB congeners were rapidly (30?min) and efficiently (>98.5%) dechlorinated to biphenyl using a Mg/K₂PdCl₆ catalyst, and the biphenyl could be subsequently quantified using the whole cell sensing system. This hybrid analytical method that combines classical dechlorination with novel biosensing methods may find applications in the on-site monitoring of PCBs contamination levels.     

高架桥对街道峡谷内大气颗粒物输运的影响

随着我国城市汽车保有量的迅速攀升,城市中心区域的空气质量与生态环境急剧恶化.利用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟,研究了3种H/W(街道建筑物高度/峡谷宽度)下高架桥对街道峡谷内颗粒物扩散的影响.建立了街道峡谷内机动车尾气中颗粒物扩散模型,并给出了边界条件.采用标准k-ε模型与离散相模型对街道峡谷内部气流运动、颗粒物扩散及浓度分布进行了模拟计算,并计算了高架桥对风场及颗粒物扩散的影响.结果表明:H/W越大,街道峡谷内颗粒物浓度越高,同时颗粒物平均滞留时间越长.相对于没有高架桥的街道峡谷,高架桥附近区域风场变化明显,但对建筑物墙壁、地面及峡谷顶层处影响较小.街道峡谷内存在高架桥时,在墙壁较低处颗粒物浓度增加.      

饮用水消毒副产物研究状况

本文介绍了饮用水中消毒副产物的研究状况。其中重点介绍了饮用水的消毒方式及四类消毒副产物的产生、浓度、存在形态及影响因素等。简单介绍了饮用水中消毒副产物的采集、前处理方法及污染控制对策等     

水解酸化——好氧工艺处理异丙醇工业废水

感光材料工业排出的异丙醇废水的BOD5／COcr比值为0．40左右，可生化性良好；经水解酸化处理后该废水的BOD5／CODcr比值可提高至0．5左右，平均增加了25％，证实了水解酸化菌在该工艺条件下具有提高异丙醇废水可生化性的功能。水解酸化—好氧串联工艺对该废水总的处理效果表明：在异丙醇废水CODcr进水浓度2000～3000mg／l范围内，CODcr总去除率可达90％左右，BOD5总去除率可达95％左右。水解酸化后好氧生化系统的动力学最大比降解速度K＝4．35／日，半速度常数K＝587mg／l。     

高效染料脱色菌的分离鉴定及其脱色特性

从印染废水的处理装置中分离到多株脱色菌，其中一株高效脱色菌经鉴定为腐败希瓦氏菌（Shewanella putrefaciens)。该菌株在合适条件下能有效地去除印染生产上常用的多种染料，在6h内对活性艳红染料的去除率可达到99%-100%，实验还对充氧，温度及共代谢碳源等诸因子对该菌脱色能力的影响进行了研究。     

三峡库区紫色土生态优化评价体系的探讨

本文计对三峡库区紫色丘陵地区的土壤生态环境状况，提出了优化评价的总目标、评价指标体系和评价程序，探讨了单项指数评价方法的数学模型与基准参数，在此基础上，应用了层次分析与模糊数学的原理和方法，对紫色土生态优化进行综合评价，旨在为库区及库周生态与环境建设及经济综合开发提供依据。     

水样品中重碳酸根离子排斥色谱法研究

本文研究了用离子排斥色谱法分析了水样品中重碳酸根的最佳色谱条件，分离方式和流动相的选择，样品溶液ｐＨ值与峰高的关系，实验结果显示，该方法具有简便，用样量少，灵敏度高于和干扰少等优点，测量下限为０．１２μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１ＨＣＯ＾－３在１－１０μｇ．ｍ＾－１和１０－１００μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内，ＨＣＯ３浓度与峰高的线性相关系数在０．９９５以上，该方法用于自来水和油田水样品的分析获得较好的结果。