城市晴日太阳辐射的空间变化

１９９１年在济南市进行了两次太阳辐射强度的流动观测。对观测资料的分析表明，不仅市区的太阳辐射强度明显小于郊区，而且处于下风向的近郊区的太阳辐射强度也明显小于上风向郊区；市区内不同功能区的太阳辐射减弱程度不同，以工业区减弱最甚；太阳辐射强度的空间变化形式与城市功能区的布局密切相关。     

棉浆粕综合废水的生物处理研究

浆粕厂在生产粘胶纤维原料时产生的有机废水，其组分较为复杂，废水治理具有一定的技术难度。采用水解酸化－好氧法与传统活性污泥法两种方案对棉浆粕生产综合废水进行生物处理的平行对照表明，驯化活性污泥可有效地去除废水中易生物降解的有机物。娄浆粕废水进水ＣＯＤｃｒ浓度在（１２００～１８００）ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，ＣＯＤｃｒ负荷（１．８～２．８）ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率可达５８％～６４％，ＢＯＤ５去除     

石化行业污水处理场除臭装置职业病防护措施问题探讨

根据某石化行业污水处理场除臭装置的生产工艺,分析了恶臭气体处理过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素及其危害情况,提出关键控制环节及相应的控制措施,从而降低在类似装置运行过程中的职业病危害风险水平。     

Stabilization of hexavalent chromium with pretreatment and high temperature sintering in highly contaminated soil

• Separate reduction and sintering cannot be effective for Cr stabilization. • Combined treatment of reduction and sintering is effective for Cr stabilization. • Almost all the Cr in the reduced soil is residual form after sintering at 1000°C. This study explored the effectiveness and mechanisms of high temperature sintering following pre-reduction with ferric sulfate (FeSO₄), sodium sulfide (Na₂S), or citric acid (C₆H₈O₇) in stabilizing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in highly contaminated soil. The soil samples had an initial total Cr leaching of 1768.83 mg/L, and Cr(VI) leaching of 1745.13 mg/L. When FeSO₄ or C₆H₈O₇ reduction was followed by sintering at 1000°C, the Cr leaching was reduced enough to meet the Safety Landfill Standards regarding general industrial solid waste. This combined treatment greatly improved the stabilization efficiency of chromium because the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) decreased the mobility of chromium and made it more easily encapsulated in minerals during sintering. SEM, XRD, TG-DSC, and speciation analysis indicated that when the sintering temperature reached 1000°C, almost all the chromium in soils that had the pre-reduction treatment was transformed into the residual form. At 1000°C, the soil melted and promoted the mineralization of Cr and the formation of new Cr-containing compounds, which significantly decreased subsequent leaching of chromium from the soil. However, without reduction treatment, chromium continued to leach from the soil even after being sintered at 1000°C, possibly because the soil did not fully fuse and because Cr(VI) does not bind with soil as easily as Cr(III).     

Effect of biocover equipped with a novel passive air diffusion system on microbial methane oxidation and community of methanotrophs

A novel biocover with passive air diffusion system (PADS) was designed in this study. Its effect on landfill gas components in the macrocosms of simulated biocover systems was also investigated. The results show that O2 concentration increased in the whole profile of the macrocosms equipped with PADS. When simulated landfill gas (SLFG) flow rate was no more than 40 mL min(-1), the methane oxidation rate was 100%. The highest CH4 oxidation capacity reached to 31.34 mol m(-3) day(-1). Molecular microbiology analysis of the soil samples taken from the above macrocosm showed that the growth of type I methanotrophs was enhanced, attributable to enhanced air diffusion and distribution, whereas the microbial diversity and population density of type II methanotrophs were not so affected, as evidenced by the absence of any difference between the biocover equipped with PADS and that of the control. According to a phylogenic analysis, Methylobacter Methylosarcinafor type I, and Methylocystis, Methylosinus for type II, were the most prevalent species in the macrocosm with PADS.     

Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸盐配合物体系的光解特性

以Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸配合物体系光化学过程中产生的Fe(Ⅱ)和.OH为主要检测对象,探讨了Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸配合物体系光化学反应的基本规律及影响因素。结果表明,体系的光化学过程能产生Fe(Ⅱ)和.OH;产生Fe(Ⅱ)的速率远高于产生.OH的速率;Fe(Ⅱ)生成浓度在pH 3.50时最大,.OH则在pH 3.00时最大;配合物的光化学过程中会伴随pH的升高;在照度为3.6×103Lux的日光灯照射下,Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸盐配合物初级光解的速率常数为2.1×10-3S-1;Fe(Ⅱ)是高价重金属的主要还原剂,.OH是有机物的主要氧化剂。     

The adsorption of PCBs to Yangtse River sediment

The adsorption of six PCB congeners to natural sediments from the Yangtse River was investigated. Experiments were conducted at different PCB concentrations to get the adsorption isotherm for each compound. Analytical determinations were carried out using gas chromato‐graphy with ECD detector. Results showed that the adsorption mechanism of PCBs on Yangtse River sediment fitted the best to the Langmuir adsorption model. It was also found that the adsorption rate decreased as the solubility increased or the octanol‐water partition coefficient decreased for each compound.     

Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in sediments from the Yangtse River,China

Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs pollution levels were determined in sediment samples taken from three sites along the Yangtse River (Nanjing part). The concentrations of various pesticides were in the range of 1.42–8.06 ng/g (t‐HCH), and <0.01–4.12ng/g (t‐DDT), while the concentrations of PCBs were below detection limit at all three sites. The contamination by Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in sediments from the Yangtse River was not significant when compared with that reported in the literature from some other countries’ rivers, which may be due to the high flow velocity and water amount of the Yangtse River.     

我国危化品安全治理体系与监管能力现代化战略研究

分析了我国危险化学品治理体系和监管能力现代化的必要性和重要性,剖析了治理体系和监管能力现代化的内涵和本质,将治理体系按政策法规体系、政府监管体系、企业执行体系、资源保障体系、社会服务体系和应急救援体系6个维度,监管能力按统筹协调能力、技术支撑能力、现代信息技术的应用能力、监管人员的专业技术能力4个方面进行分析,系统归纳和分析了我国危险化学品安全治理体系与监管能力的现状,与美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家对标分析,并围绕危险化学品全生命周期系统化法规体系建设、监管执法模式改革、安全监管关键技术攻关和创新、"工业互联网+安全生产"监管系统建设、资源保障能力提升、人才队伍建设等方面提出了应对策略和建议。     

离子色谱在监测土霉素结晶母液废水处理过程中土霉素含量的研究

土霉素结晶母液是一种含高硫高氮的高浓度难生物降解有抽废水,有用前置反硝化法对其进行脱氮处理过程中,残留的土霉素等对反硝化有明显的生物和抑制作用,用离子色谱法（以0mniPac PCX-100为分离柱,0.2mol.l^-1盐酸－27.9%乙腈（V／V）为淋洗液）测定经预酸化处理后废水中的土霉素含量,分析结果表明,预酸化处理可以显著降解废水中的土壤素,提高其可生化性,该法6min内即可完成土霉素含量的测定,土霉素的检出限为10ug.l^-1.