全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10020篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 135篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 31篇 |
废物处理 | 787篇 |
环保管理 | 1264篇 |
综合类 | 1117篇 |
基础理论 | 3172篇 |
污染及防治 | 1854篇 |
评价与监测 | 1021篇 |
社会与环境 | 905篇 |
灾害及防治 | 16篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 1479篇 |
2017年 | 1388篇 |
2016年 | 1212篇 |
2015年 | 146篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 502篇 |
2011年 | 1376篇 |
2010年 | 716篇 |
2009年 | 617篇 |
2008年 | 897篇 |
2007年 | 1246篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 45篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 107篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
Emma Prichard Elise F. Granek 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22365-22384
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change. 相似文献
72.
Since 2005, a dramatic decline of the Arctic sea-ice extent is observed which results in an increase of shipping activities. Even though this provides commercial and social development opportunities, the resulting environmental impacts need to be investigated and monitored. In order to understand the impact of shipping in arctic areas, the method described in this paper determines the travel time, fuel consumption and resulting exhaust emissions of ships navigating in arctic waters. The investigated case studies are considering ship particulars as well as environmental conditions with special focus on ice scenarios. Travel time, fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission were investigated for three different vessels, using different passages of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in different seasons of years 1960, 2000 and 2040. The presented results show the sensitivity of vessel performance and amount of exhaust emissions to optimize arctic traffic with respect to efficiency, safety and environmental impact. 相似文献
73.
Alamgir Hossain Jamal Naser Monzur Alam Imteaz 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(4):359-367
This paper presents comprehensive 3D numerical investigations on depositions of particles flowing through a horizontal pipe
loop consisting of four bends. The multiphase mixture model available in FLUENT 6.2 was used in this study. In this numerical
simulation, five different particle sizes have been used as secondary phases to calculate real multiphase effect in which
inter-particle interaction has been considered. The deposition of particles along the periphery of the pipe wall was investigated
as a function of particle size and fluid velocity. The simulations showed that near the upstream of the bends, maximum particle
concentration occurred at the bottom of the pipe. However, downstream the bends, the maximum particle concentration occurred
at an angle of 60° from the bottom. The larger particles clearly showed deposition near the bottom wall except downstream.
As expected, the smaller particles showed less tendency of deposition and lesser at higher velocity. This numerical investigation
showed qualitative agreement with the experiments conducted by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,
Melbourne team for similar conditions. 相似文献
74.
Konstantinos C. Makris Dibyendu Sarkar Jason Salazar Pravin Punamiya Rupali Datta 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):195-202
Background, aim, and scope
Alum (aluminum sulfate) is the currently preferred chemical amendment for phosphorus (P) treatment in poultry litter (PL). Aluminum-based drinking-water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) are the waste by-product of the drinking-water treatment process and have been effectively used to remove P from aqueous solutions, but their effectiveness in PL water extracts has not been studied in detail. Elevated cost associated with alum could be minimized by using the equally effective WTRs to remove soluble P from PL, and they can be obtained at a minimal cost from drinking-water treatment plants. 相似文献75.
Leila Mehrparvar Siyamak Safapour Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani Kamaladin Gharanjig 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):533-539
The classical use of synthetic dyes is causing issues of environmental pollution and heath risk. As a consequence natural dyes are gaining interest, but the use of natural dyes still includes toxic reagents such as metals as mordants and acids to enhance color and yield. Therefore, we designed a new chitosan-polypropylene imine dendrimer hybrid at 0–2000 mg/L to treat wool before dyeing with cochineal. We compared dye exhaustion, color depth, color characteristics, and color fastness of the new process with dyed pristine and metal mordanted wool. Results show that wool pretreatment improved dye exhaustion from 48 to 88 %, shifted saturation point toward lower dye concentration from 3000 to 1000 mg/L, and improved color depth from 13.68 for pristine wool and 15.17 for metal mordanted wool to 23.89 for the new process. 相似文献
76.
International environmental agreements (IEAs) can coordinate abatement of transboundary pollutants. This paper investigates
how heterogeneous countries facing a stock pollutant might structure such an agreement. In particular, we examine how an IEA
might be implemented with a set of monetary transfers. The focus is on transfers that are time invariant, linear in emissions,
and consistent with budget balance. There is a range of such schemes that would induce efficient emissions. We provide a simple
and intuitive characterization of these penalties and describe how specific proposals might be chosen in order to facilitate
compliance and implementation. Our proposals are illustrated with a simple example. We show that heterogeneity reduces the
scope for penalty schemes to jointly satisfy desirable properties. 相似文献
77.
Liu Jen-Ming Borazon Elaine Quinatana Muñoz Kyrie Eleison 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):49425-49433
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper proposes to analyze the scientific production on climate change and fisheries in the Philippine context. This research theme was chosen... 相似文献
78.
Christoph Oberlack 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(5):805-838
Institutions are one of the decisive factors which enable, constrain and shape adaptation to the impacts of climate change, variability and extreme events. However, current understanding of institutions in adaptation situations is fragmented across the scientific community, evidence diverges, and cumulative learning beyond single studies is limited. This study adopts a diagnostic approach to elaborate a nuanced understanding of institutional barriers and opportunities in climate adaptation by means of a model-centred meta-analysis of 52 case studies of public climate adaptation in Europe. The first result is a novel taxonomy of institutional attributes in adaptation situations. It conceptually organises and decomposes the many details of institutions that empirical research has shown to shape climate adaptation. In the second step, the paper identifies archetypical patterns of institutional traps and trade-offs which hamper adaptation. Thirdly, corresponding opportunities are identified that enable actors to alleviate, prevent or overcome specific institutional traps or trade-offs. These results cast doubt on the validity of general institutional design principles for successful adaptation. In contrast to generic principles, the identified opportunities provide leverage to match institutions to specific governance problems that are encountered in specific contexts. Taken together, the results may contribute to more coherence and integration of adaptation research that we need if we are to foster learning about the role of institutions in adaptation situations in a cumulative fashion. 相似文献
79.
Liyan Feng Jun Zhai Lei Chen Wuqiang Long Jiangping Tian Bin Tang 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(6):839-861
This paper employs a review of the technical literature to estimate the potential decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that could be achieved by increasing the application of gas engines in China in three sectors: urban public transport vehicle; shipping; and thermal power plants. China’s gas engine development strategies and three types of gas resource are discussed in the study, which indicates that gas engines could decrease GHG emissions by 520 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) by 2020. This would account for 9.7 % of the government’s target for decreasing GHG emissions and is dominated by methane recovery from the use of coal mine gas (CMG) and landfill gas (LFG) for power generation. In the public urban transport vehicle and shipping sectors the low price of natural gas and the increasing demand for the control of harmful emissions could spur the rapid uptake of gas engine vehicles. However, the development of CMG- and LFG-fuelled power plants has been limited by the unwillingness of local enterprises to invest in high-performance gas engine generators and the associated infrastructure. Therefore, further compulsory policies that promote CMG use and LFG recovery should be implemented. Moreover, strict regulations on limiting methane leakage during the production and distribution of gas fuels are urgently needed in China to prevent leakage causing GHG emissions and largely negating the climate benefits of fuel substitution. Strategies for increasing the application of gas engines, promoting gas resources and recovering methane in China are instrumental in global GHG mitigation strategies. 相似文献
80.
Intaek Yoon YeonSang Lee Sohyun Kate Yoon 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(6):863-878
As highlighted in the outcome of the Paris Agreement at the 21st Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change there has been a recent push for the stronger mitigation actions of cities, regions, and local governments. Energy efficiency is a tool that can be leveraged by not only industry or national governments but also cities, regions, and local governments for mitigation purposes. However, studies on energy efficiency as a mitigation tool thus far have focused on the national or transnational scale, and on certain sectors of industry. The purpose of this paper is to find the most cost-efficient energy efficiency measures (EEMs) at the city, region, and local government level. To that end, this paper examines the yearly energy savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction intensity, as well as energy savings and GHG reduction efficiency, in the case of EEMs conducted by South Korean local governments. Yearly energy savings intensity and GHG reduction intensity are estimated to be in the range of 0.094~0.375 tonne of oil equivalent (TOE)/M-KRW (million Korean won) and 0.287~1.180 tCO2e/M-KRW. Results show that inverter installation at water and sewage treatment plants and improvement of pump efficiency are the most cost-efficient EEMs. Moreover, energy savings efficiency and GHG reduction efficiency are within the range of 18.29~45.31 %, at an average of 30.5 % GHG reduction potential. If this reduction potential is applied to the buildings and facilities regulated and run by cities/local governments, there is a worldwide reduction potential of 1.023 billion tCO2 compared to 2020 business as usual levels. 相似文献