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351.
Temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2007 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The main objective of the present investigation is to study the temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test showed significant spatial variations and interactions of spatial-temporal among five mobile monitoring stations for 11 air pollutants. The Mann Whitney (MW) test demonstrated the seasonality of spring over winter for the PM(10), PM(2.5), NO(2), CO and p-xylene, the seasonality of winter over spring for O(3), and no significant seasonal variation for NH(3), benzene, SO(2), toluene and H(2)S. It is concluded that emissions from automobile exhaust, industrial and developmental projects are responsible for the spatial air pollution, and that air temperature is the controlling factor for the seasonal variations. 相似文献
352.
Trace element content of marine algae species collected from the Black Sea coasts were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave digestion. Trace element content in marine algae species were 1.70-17.1 microg/g for copper, 3.64-64.8 microg/g for zinc, 9.98-285 microg/g for manganese, 99-3,949 microg/g for iron, 0.50-11.6 microg/g for chromium, 0.27-36.2 microg/g for nickel, 11-694 microg/kg for selenium, 0.50-44.6 microg/kg for cadmium, 1.54-3,969 microg/kg for lead, 1.56-81.9 microg/kg for cobalt. While iron was the highest trace element concentration, cadmium was the lowest in samples. Most of the analyzed samples were edible. The samples are consumed for human diet in several countries. 相似文献
353.
Spatial variability of depth and salinity of groundwater under irrigated ustifluvents in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yusuf Demir Sabit Erşahin Mustafa Güler Bilal Cemek Hikmet Günal Hakan Arslan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,158(1-4):279-294
Information on the potential risk for soil salinity buildup can be very helpful for soil salinity management in irrigated areas. We evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater salinity (GWS) and groundwater depth (GWD), which are two of the most important indicators of soil salinity, by indicator kriging technique in a large irrigated area in northern Turkey. GWS and GWD were measured on a monthly basis from irrigation season (August 2003) to rainy season (April 2004) at 60 observation wells in the 8,187-ha irrigated area. Five indicator thresholds were used for GWS and GWD. The semivariogram for each of the thresholds for both variables was analyzed then used together with experimental data to interpolate and map the corresponding conditional cumulative distribution functions (CCDF). Risk for soil salinity buildup was greater in the irrigation season compared to that in the rainy season. The greatest risk for soil salinity buildup occurred in the eastern part of the study area, suffering from poor drainage problem due to malfunctioning drainage infrastructure, as indicated by the CCDF of GWS and GWD obtained in both seasons. It was concluded that a combination of mechanical and cultural measures should be taken in high-risk locations to avoid further salinity problems. 相似文献
354.
Ali Alaş Mehmet Musa Özcan Mustafa Harmankaya 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):889-894
In the experiment, mineral contents of the head, caudal, central fleshy part, and spinal columns of fishes were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The Ca content of base fleshy part ranged from 1,682 to 5,505 mg/kg. The Ca contents of central fleshy part were found between 104 and 428 mg/kg. This value was found between 5,582 and 7,368 in the spinal column parts. The K content in general ranged from 2,411 (Carassius gibellio) and 4,419 mg/kg (Scomber scombrus). The highest potassium was found on the central fleshy part and ranged between 3,214 and 4,419. The P content was found mostly on the bones and it range between 28,833 and 34,726. The least phosphor amount was found on the central fleshy part. While the Cd content ranges between 0.019 ppm and 0.104 mg/kg, Cr content changed between 1.32 and 4.20 ppm. 相似文献
355.
Elisabeth Yehouenou A. Pazou Patrick Edorh Aléodjrodo Judicaël P. Azehoun Nico M. van Straalen Bert van Hattum Kees Swart Cornelis A. M. van Gestel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):77-86
Lake Nokoué and Cotonou Lagoon are the most important and most productive continental freshwaters in Bénin, with an estimated fish production of over 2 tonnes per hectare in Lake Nokoué. Organochlorine pesticides are used in agriculture and to repel tsetse flies, malaria mosquitoes and other diseases raised. Sediment, fish, shrimp and oyster species were collected in Lake Nokoué and Cotonou Lagoon for pesticide residues analysis. The main pesticides identified in sediment were pp′-DDT and its metabolites pp-DDE and pp′-DDD, with residue levels between the detection limit and 24.4 μg/kg dry weight. Fish species commonly consumed such as Elops lacerta, Podamasys jubelini, Gobbienellus occidentalis, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Mugil cephalus and Hemichromis fasciatus were contaminated with residues of seven to nine pesticides, including pp-DDE, op′-DDD, pp′-DDD, op′-DDT, pp′-DDT, α-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. The levels ranged from detection limit to 289 ng/g lipid. The same pesticides were also detected in other aquatic species, such as shrimp and oysters. A summed risk assessment, comparing pesticide intake levels through fish consumption with tolerable daily intake levels proposed by the World Health Organization, showed in all cases a low risk for human health. 相似文献
356.
357.
Hussein A. Kazem Hamood A. S. Al-Badi Ahmed S. Al Busaidi Miqdam T. Chaichan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(5):1761-1778
This paper addresses the requirements of electrical energy for an isolated island of Masirah in Oman. The paper studied the possibility of using sources of renewable energy in combination with current diesel power plant on the island to meet the electrical load demand. There are two renewable energy sources used in this study, solar and wind energy. This study aimed to design and evaluate hybrid solar/wind/diesel/battery system in terms of cost and pollution. By using HOMER software, many simulation analyses have been proposed to find and optimize different technologies that contain wind turbine, solar photovoltaic, and diesel in combination with storage batteries for electrical generation. Four different hybrid power systems were proposed, diesel generators only, wind/diesel/battery, PV/diesel/battery, and PV/wind/diesel/battery. The analysis of the results shows that around 75 % could reduce the cost of energy by using PV/wind/diesel hybrid power system. Also, the greenhouse emission could be reduced by around 25 % compared with these by using diesel generators system that currently utilize in the Masirah Island. The solar/wind/diesel hybrid system is techno-economically viable for Masirah Island. 相似文献
358.
Sabitha Sakkir Junid N Shah Pritpal Soorae Mohamed Al Mehairbi Shaikha Al Dhaheri 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2017,21(1):189-195
Data on flora and vegetation of 14 off-shore islands representing different habitat types were studied for investigating floristic composition, vegetation types and correlation with their habitats and ecosystem. The results demonstrate considerable plant distribution and diversity among the islands within the limited spectrum of species; encompassing a total of 47 species, belonging to 43 genera under 24 families. The most representative families were Amaranthaceae (9 species), Fabaceae (4 species), Poaceae (4 species) and Asteraceae and Aizoaceae (3 species each). Fourteen families are represented by only one species. The mangrove species, Avicennia marina, occurs throughout the coast of Abu Dhabi in discontinuous patches and in different water salinities. The studies also seek to underline that dominant species that constitutes the flora of Abu Dhabi are salt tolerant in nature. Compared to other Arabian Peninsula ecosystems, UAE perhaps has a higher coastal: mainland area ratio, which has contributed to a natural dominance of salt tolerant species among the community. The studies show 40% similarity among islands with respect to the species diversity. The floristic composition of the off-shore islands also indicates a need to consider these sites as protected sites. 相似文献
359.
Cafeteria, vegetable, fruit, and cattle manure are available year around at low cost and have the potential to complement each other for anaerobic digestion (AD). The objectives of this study were to determine the preferred mixing ratios and effects of feedstock to inoculum ratios for the optimal biogas production. The mesophilic digestion tests were performed with five mixing ratios of CW, VW, FW with CM and five feedstock to inoculum (F/I) ratios using batch anaerobic digesters. Co-digestion of CW, VW, FW with CM was carried out at F/I ratios of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. The results showed that the F/I ratio significantly affected the biogas production rate. Increasing the CW, VW, FW in the CM resulted in an increased methane yield by decreasing the F/I ratios in the reactors from 5.0 to 1.0. The highest biogas yields of 591.3, 432.9, and 450.6 L/kg VSfeed were obtained with CW/CM (50:50), VW/CM (25:75), and FW/CM (25:75) ratios, respectively. At five F/Is tested, after 45 days of AD, the total biogas yields were determined to be 629.74, 552.64, 501.87, 464.66, and 396.04 L and 496.93, 460.02, 420.5, 398.14, and 336.20 L, and 455.03, 382.81, 349.78, 340.95, and 298.53 L, respectively. However, the highest average CH4 contents obtained at an F/I of 1.0 were 62.14%, 60.72%, and 61.08% that are 5.87%, 9.47%, and 10.17% higher than those obtained at F/I ratio of 5.0 for CW/CM (50:50), VW/CM (25:75), and FW/CM (25:75), respectively. 相似文献
360.
Navarro-Ortega A Ratola N Hildebrandt A Alves A Lacorte S Barceló D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):677-688