Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sentinel lymph node (SLN) sampling is important for evaluating the nodal stage of breast cancer when the axillary nodes are clinically free of... 相似文献
The exposure to bisphenols and their derivatives was assessed in 33 fish products sold in Turkey using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). BADGE was determined in only four samples at concentrations ranging between 0.06 and 0.22 mg/kg. As the most abundant bisphenol groups, BADGE-hydrolyzed products such as BADGE·H2O and BADGE·2H2O were present in nine and fourteen samples in the range between 0.06–0.16 and 0.06–0.72 mg/kg, respectively. The total concentration of BADGE and hydrolyzed products was below the specific migration limit (SML) value of 9 mg/kg food, which in the European Union stated as tolerable. Chlorinated derivatives of BADGE were detected in fewer samples compared with hydrolyzed ones. BADGE·H2O·HCl was the predominant migrant among chlorinated derivatives and was present in seven samples in a range between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/kg. All other samples contained less than or equal to 0.03 mg/kg of BADGE·HCl and BADGE·2HCl. The sum of these derivatives was lower than the SML value (1 mg/kg) of BADGE chlorohydrins legislated by the European Union. Besides these migrants, the analyzed samples did not contain any BFDGE and 3R-NOGE, which are prohibited in manufacturing food contact materials.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Macroinvertebrate community in the intertidal setup plays an important role in coastal ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycle. However,... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The current study was conducted to assess the hematological and histopathological changes in major carp (Catla catla) exposed to different... 相似文献
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most important environmental problems arising from rapid urbanization and industrialization. The use of alternative fuels in rotary kilns of cement plants is very important for reducing cost, saving fossil fuels and also eliminating waste materials, accumulated during production or after using these materials. Cement industries has an important potential for supplying preferable solutions to the waste management. Energy recovery from waste is also important for the reduction of CO2 emissions.This paper presents an investigation of the development of refuse derived fuel (RDF) materials from non-recycling wastes and the determination of its potential use as an alternative fuel in cement production in Istanbul, Turkey. RDF produced from MSW was analyzed and its effects on cement production process were examined. For this purpose, the produced RDF was mixed with the main fuel (LPG) in ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Then chemical and mineralogical analyses of the produced clinker were carried out. It is believed that successful results of this study will be a good example for municipalities and cement industries in order to achieve both economic and environmental benefits. 相似文献
An environmental study for the appraisal of work hazards and safety in Jeddah Industrial Estate (JIE), Saudi Arabia has been
conducted. The study is based upon a representative (stratified random) sample of 44 enterprises, including 52 plants and
employing 5830 workers.
Nearly 2/3 of the workers have heat exposure, orginating from climatic heat and heat dissipated from industrial operations,
while exposure to noise is slightly less, and is attributed to noisy operations and machinery and to lack of meticulous maintenance;
both exposures are mild in most of the plants and moderate in some. Mild exposures to nonionizing radiations (UV and IR) and
to deficient illumination occur in 25% and 19.2% of the plants studied. Respiratory exposure to chemical agents (organic and
inorganic dusts, metal fumes, gases and vapours — including asphyxiants, irritants, liver and nervous system offenders and
acid and alkali mists) occurs in 75% of the plants, particularly in the medium-size enterprises plants; however, is mainly
mild with a few moderate and severe exposures. Skin absorption contributes to absorption of chemical agents in 29% of the
plants, and direct skin contact to chemicals (particularly to lubricating oils) occurs in 81% of the plants.
Meanwhile, only eight plants, out of the 32 plants where controls for physical hazards are required (51.2%), apply engineering
controls, and even in a few of these plants the efficiency of the control measures has been rated ‘bad’. A few of them provide
personal protective equipment, and even no maintenance to this equipment is provided.
The level of safety is better in the large plants than in the small and medium-size plants; the safety score is the best in
the recently established plants, while is the worst in the plastic industry, which is relatively old. The appraisal of fire
protection is better than that of the safety, due to efficient supervision of the General Directorate of Civil Defense (GDCD).
However, most of the safety problems are managerial and are preventable.
First aid is present in all enterprises, as required by the Saudi Labor Laws; however, an in-plant medical service is present
in 75% of the large enterprises, in 31.6% of the medium-size and in only 17.6% of the small enterprises. Also, satisfactory
medical, accidents and absenteeism records exist in only 15.9% of the enterprises; safety supervision exists in 27.3, and
safety education exists in 91% of them, while no environmental monitoring is carried out in any enterprise. Sanitation facilities
exist in satisfactory numbers in most of the enterprises; however, their maintenance is poor in most of them, due to lack
of hygienic supervision. All enterprises dispose of their liquid wastes into the JIE sewerage system without any treatment,
while the solid wastes are collected by the city authorities in 56.8% of them; both wastes are anticipated to cause environmental
pollution problems. 相似文献
Social vulnerability analyses have typically relied upon narratives to capture the nuances of the concept. While narratives have enhanced our understanding of the multiple drivers of vulnerability, they have had limited influence on hazards and climate adaptation policy. This is partially a function of the different needs and goals of the policy and research communities. The former prioritises generalised quantitative information, while the latter is more concerned with capturing complexity. A theoretically driven and empirically tested quantitative vulnerability and capacities index (VCI) for use at the local scale is presented to help connect vulnerability research and policy. There are four versions of the index for use in rural and urban contexts at the household and community levels. There can be an infinite number of drivers of vulnerability, but the VCI draws upon 12 indicators to represent material, institutional and attitudinal aspects of differential vulnerability and capacities. 相似文献