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231.
Alexandrova M Rozhko T Vydryakova G Kudryasheva N 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(4):407-411
The effect of americium-241 (241Am), an alpha-emitting radionuclide of high specific activity, on luminous bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum was studied. Traces of 241Am in nutrient media (0.16-6.67 kBq/L) suppressed the growth of bacteria, but enhanced luminescence intensity and quantum yield at room temperature. Lower temperature (4 °C) increased the time of bacterial luminescence and revealed a stage of bioluminescence inhibition after 150 h of bioluminescence registration start. The role of conditions of exposure the bacterial cells to the 241Am is discussed. The effect of 241Am on luminous bacteria was attributed to peroxide compounds generated in water solutions as secondary products of radioactive decay. Increase of peroxide concentration in 241Am solutions was demonstrated; and the similarity of 241Am and hydrogen peroxide effects on bacterial luminescence was revealed. The study provides a scientific basis for elaboration of bioluminescence-based assay to monitor radiotoxicity of alpha-emitting radionuclides in aquatic solutions. 相似文献
232.
The states of the populations of five dominant species of predatory mammals living in the area affected by the Kalinin Nuclear
Power Plant (NPP) and in remote districts of Tver’ oblast have been compared. A total of 1120 skulls, including 708 skulls
from the vicinity of the NPP, have been examined. The data on parameters characterizing similarities between the samples,
the degree and structure of intrapopulation diversity, and ontogenetic stability suggest with a high probability that the
Kalinin NPP has no effect on wild populations of predatory mammals. 相似文献
233.
The results of studies on the radial increment of larch and pine in central Yakutia are presented. The application of dendroclimatological
methods to the study of tree-ring chronologies has made it possible to evaluate tree growth response to the dynamics of climatic
factors over the past 120 years. The results of analysis of radial tree increment show that the onset of the growing season
has shifted to earlier dates by the end of the 20th century. 相似文献
234.
Matilda Palm Madelene Ostwald Indu K. Murthy Rajiv K. Chaturvedi N. H. Ravindranath 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):423-435
This paper analyses environmental and socio-economic barriers for plantation activities on local and regional level and investigates
the potential for carbon finance to stimulate the increased rates of forest plantation on wasteland, i.e., degraded lands,
in southern India. Building on multidisciplinary field work and results from the model GCOMAP, the aim is to (1) identify
and characterize the barriers to plantation activities in four agro-ecological zones in the state of Karnataka and (2) investigate
what would be required to overcome these barriers and enhance the plantation rate and productivity. The results show that
a rehabilitation of the wasteland based on plantation activities is not only possible but also anticipated by the local population
and would lead to positive environmental and socio-economic effects at a local level. However, in many cases, the establishment
of plantation activities is hindered by a lack of financial resources, low land productivity and water scarcity. Based on
the model used and the results from the field work, it can be concluded that certified emission reductions such as carbon
credits or other compensatory systems may help to overcome the financial barrier; however, the price needs to be significantly
increased if these measures are to have any large-scale impact. 相似文献
235.
P. Valkering R. van der Brugge A. Offermans N. Rijkens-Klomp 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):229-241
Climate adaptation is a complex task surrounded by uncertainty. To support climate adaptation policies, a new scenario approach
is pursued to explore possible discontinuous future developments of societal perspectives on climate adaptation issues. The
scenario approach was tested for a case study on Dutch river management. In a series of scenario development workshops, a
select group of stakeholders explored the perspectives on the management of the River Meuse in the past, present, and future.
The process was supported by an analytical perspectives mapping tool to illustrate and analyze the development of perspectives
over time. The process and analytical tools contributed to insight into the drivers of perspective change for the case study
at hand. Moreover, the stakeholders highlighted the potential of the approach for water management policy for creating awareness
about the plurality of perspectives and the dynamics of perspective change, monitoring perspectives and perspective change
as part of a flexible policy approach, and anticipating on the occurrence of shock events. Further work is required to better
represent the social dynamics of perspectives change, to better empirically ground the perspective change model, and to apply
integrated water models in the scenario development process to assess water–society interactions. 相似文献
236.
Long-term (1860–2010) catchment mass balance calculations rely on models and assumptions which are sources of uncertainty
in acidification assessments. In this article, we report on an application of MAGIC to model acidification at the four Swedish
IM forested catchments that have been subject to differing degrees of acidification stress. Uncertainties in the modeled mass
balances were mainly associated with the deposition scenario and assumptions about sulfate adsorption and soil mass. Estimated
base cation (BC) release rates (weathering) varied in a relatively narrow range of 47–62 or 42–47 meq m−2 year−1, depending on assumptions made about soil cation exchange capacity and base saturation. By varying aluminum solubility or
introducing a dynamic weathering feedback that allowed BC release to increase at more acidic pHs, a systematic effect on predicted
changes in acid neutralizing capacity (ΔANC ca. 10–41 μeq l−1) and pH (ca. ΔpH = 0.1–0.6) at all sites was observed. More robust projections of future changes in pH and ANC are dependent
on reducing uncertainties in BC release rates, the timing, and extent of natural acidification through BC uptake by plants,
temporal changes in soil element pools, and fluxes of Al between compartments. 相似文献
237.
Factors controlling the transport of geogenically-derived arsenic from a coastal acid sulfate soil into downstream sediments are identified in this study with both solid-phase associations and aqueous speciation clearly critical to the mobility and toxicity of arsenic. The data from both sequential extractions and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy indicate that arsenic in the unoxidised Holocene acid sulfate soils is essentially non-labile in the absence of prolonged oxidation, existing primarily as arsenopyrite or as an arsenopyrite-like species, likely arsenian pyrite. Anthropogenically-accelerated pedogenic processes, which have oxidised this material over time, have greatly enhanced the potential bioavailability of arsenic, with solid-phase arsenic almost solely present as As(V) associated with secondary Fe(III) minerals present. Analyses of downstream sediments reveal that a portion of the arsenic is retained as a mixed As(III)/As(V) solid-phase, though not at levels considered to be environmentally deleterious. Determination of arsenic speciation in pore waters using high performance liquid chromatography/Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry shows a dominance of As(III) in upstream pore waters whilst an unidentified As species reaches comparative levels within the downstream, estuarine locations. Pore water As(V) was detected at trace concentrations only. The results demonstrate the importance of landscape processes to arsenic transport and availability within acid sulfate soil environments. 相似文献
238.
Allan IJ Nilsson HC Tjensvoll I Bradshaw C Næs K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2393-2397
Integrative passive sampling with devices such as semipermeable membrane devices generally relies on rigs for month-long static exposures in water. We evaluate here whether mobile exposures of passive samplers can provide reliable estimates of dissolved contaminant concentrations. Mobile exposures were obtained by towing samplers fastened to the end of a benthic trawl net. Significant and reproducible absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during 5 h-long deployments was made possible by high sampling rates resulting from high water turbulences during towing at 1.2-1.5 knots. Sampling rates (72-215 L d−1) estimated from the dissipation of performance reference compounds were supported by in situ calibration with samplers exposed for a 30 days in the vicinity of the test site. Higher fluoranthene and pyrene absorption in samplers exposed to the trawling-induced sediment plume could be attributed to desorption from re-suspended sediments. This mode of exposure has the potential to be used in monitoring programmes. 相似文献
239.
240.
A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos residue determination in Chinese agricultural samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Liu YH Chen J Guo YR Wang CM Liang X Zhu GN 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(4):313-320
A monoclonal antibody-based competitive antibody-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and optimized for determining chlorpyrifos residue in agricultural products. The IC(50) and IC(10) of this ELISA were 3.3 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL respectively. The average recoveries in six agricultural products were between 79.5% and 118.0%, with the intra-assay coefficient of variation being less than 8 %. The limit of detection for all tested products was 30 ng/g. To the best of our knowledge, this assay has the best specificity among all the published research on ELISAs for chlorpyrifos. 相似文献