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171.
This paper compares predictions of the foodchain model SPADE with experimental data for the transfer of (134)Cs and (85)Sr to strawberry plants following acute foliar and soil contamination. The transfer pathways considered in this exercise included direct deposition to fruit, leaf-to-fruit, soil-to-leaf and soil-to-fruit transfers. Following foliar contamination, the difference between predicted and measured radionuclide activity values varied between a factor of 0.5-10 for fruit and 4.5-7 for leaf. Following soil contamination, the difference between predicted and measured values varied between a factor of 3-74 for fruit and 32-44 for leaf. In all cases the difference between measured and predicted values was smaller for (85)Sr than (134)Cs. Measured and predicted activities were higher for leaf than fruit. Both measured and predicted (134)Cs concentrations in fruit and leaf are higher when deposition occurs at ripening than at anthesis. These results confirm the need for more data on fruit, even for Cs and Sr, to support models in predicting the transfer of radionuclides to fruit crops. Ongoing research projects funded by the UK Food Standards Agency aim to provide some data on radionuclide transfer to herbaceous, shrub and tree fruits, which will help improve radiological assessment models in order to provide better protection for consumers. 相似文献
172.
This paper focuses on community-wide emergencies caused by war-related events in Lebanon at the beginning of June 1982. Mobilization for the "Peace for Galilee" campaign began on Friday, 4th June. Overnight, families were disrupted, husbands and sons were in danger, and within 24 hours there were notifications of casualities and deaths. Families in crisis became a widespread phenomenon. In Herzlia, as in many other communities, a new service - the Emergency Center - emerged under the auspices of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and the Municipality. The authors describe this process of getting organized, the populations served, how the Center was staffed, the role of citizen volunteers, and the types of interventions used to help vulnerable families as well as soldiers home on leave. Stress is placed on the unique type of short-term co-operation achieved between social workers of the local Department of Social Welfare, the staff of the Department of Community Services (especially its Volunteer Bureau), the local liason officer of the Israel Defence Force, the municipal government, and public-spirited volunteers. Mention is made of conditions which made possible the activation of such a service within hours, of the Center's capacity to serve all segments of the population, and of how it was deactivated within a few weeks when the emergency ended. On the basis of lessons learned from this experience, the paper ends with a number of specific recommendations. The authors hope that such innovative forms of crisis-intervention will become part of the helping technology widely available at the community level in future years. 相似文献
173.
Variations in the absolute and relative swimbladder volume of sardine (Sardina pilchardus W.), were examined in relation to fish length, gonads and stomach volume, and lipid content. Fifty specimens were frozen in liquid nitrogen and sliced with a cryo-microtome. From the slices, volume estimates of the organs were obtained through computer reconstruction. Variations in absolute and relative swimbladder volume in relation to fish length and the aforementioned organs' volume and lipid contents were estimated by means of multiple regression analysis. The relative importance of these variables in the calculations of the swimbladder volume for different physiological conditions of the fish was also assessed. The results revealed that the volume can be estimated from two distinct models: the first for the reproductive and the second for the non-reproductive period. The non-reproductive period model is in agreement with the well-known positive correlation of target strength with fish log length. However, during the reproductive period the relative size of gonads and relative lipid content gradually become more important than length. 相似文献
174.
N. Speybroeck P. J. Lindsey M. Billiouw M. Madder J. K. Lindsey D. L. Berkvens 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2006,13(1):69-87
This paper presents statistical methodology to analyze longitudinal binary responses for which a sudden change in the response
occurs in time. Probability plots, transition matrices, and change-point models and more advanced techniques such as generalized
auto-regression models and hidden Markov chains are presented and applied on a study on the activity of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, the major vector of Theileria parva, a fatal disease in cattle. This study presents individual measurements on female R. appendiculatus, which are terminating their diapause (resting status) and become active. Comprehending activity patterns is very important
to better understand the ecology of R. appendiculatus. The model indicates that activity and non-activity act in an absorbing way meaning that once a tick becomes active it shows
a tendency to remain active. The change-point model estimates that the sudden change in activity happens on December 10. The
reaction of ticks on acceleration and changes in rainfall and temperature indicates that ticks can sense climatic changes.
The study revealed the underlying not visually observable states during diapause development of the adult tick of R. appendiculatus. These states could be related to phases during the dynamic event of diapause development and post-diapause activity in R. appendiculatus. 相似文献
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