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221.
本文用模糊数学理论建立了崩塌易发性预测模型,模型中通过对崩塌影响因素的分析,选取8种因素作为预测因子,4个等级作为评价集,并引入k次抛物型模糊分布作为隶属函数。之后采用层次分析法求出权重,使用matlab软件检验权重的一致性并计算结果向量,从而实现对崩塌发育影响因素严重性等级综合评判。实例表明:模糊综合评价方法可操作性强、效果较好,可在一般崩塌发育影响因素分析评价中广泛应用。 相似文献
222.
不同TS浓度互花米草沼渣二次发酵特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中温(35±1)℃条件下,沼渣经6%的NaOH常温下处理48 h后,在TS含量8%、10%、12%的条件下沼气发酵.分析了发酵过程中日产气量、累积产气量、甲烷含量、pH值、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的变化,从不同角度考察TS含量负荷对沼渣二次发酵特性的影响.单位TS的日产气高峰分别达10、14、13 mL.g-1,累积产气率为217、227、228 mL.g-1,甲烷含量均在65%以上.发酵过程中最低pH为7.04.乙酸浓度最高分别为3 364、3 286、5 728 mg.L-1,丙酸和丁酸浓度均低于1 100 mg.L-1.结果表明,沼渣为难降解有机物,分解缓慢,不易出现酸化现象,但仍具有较强的产气潜力. 相似文献
223.
分析了ABS树脂生产装置丁二烯缓冲罐中丁二烯自聚物的生成原因,提出了预防措施,避免丁二烯自聚物的生成,保证装置的安全平稳运行。 相似文献
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化石燃料原油和原煤的燃烧、含钒矿石的开采和冶炼是大气中重金属钒的主要来源。文章利用重金属钒的排放系数分析了中国1978-2010年人为过程释放到大气中重金属钒的总量和行业重金属钒的排放,预测了2020年和2030年中国大气中重金属钒的排放量。结果表明,自1978年以来,中国钒的排放量增加了4倍,中国2010年人类活动向大气排放的重金属钒总量达3.18万吨,约占世界总量的12%。原油燃烧释放到大气中的钒约占总量的85%,煤炭燃烧的排放量占10.5%,其中工业耗油向大气中释放重金属钒的比例从1980的71%下降到2008年的42%,总量从3 721 t增加至9 361 t;交通运输行业从10%上升到36%,总量从547 t增加至7 967 t;其它行业(农林牧渔水利业、批发零售业和住宿餐饮业、生活消费)基本维持在20%左右,总量从986 t增加至5 052 t。因此,应加强大气中钒的监测和管理,预防大气钒污染事件的发生。 相似文献
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228.
Maria Rönnqvist Thedi Ziegler Carl-Henrik von Bonsdorff Leena Maunula 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(1):26-33
Recent events have shown that humans may become infected with some pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIV). Since soil
and water, including lakes, rivers, and seashores, may be contaminated by AIV excreted by birds, effective methods are needed
for monitoring water for emerging viruses. Combining water filtration with molecular methods such as PCR is a fast and effective
way for detecting viruses. The objective of this study was to apply a convenient method for the detection of AIV in natural
water samples. Distilled water and lake, river, and seawater were artificially contaminated with AIV (H5N3) and passed through
a filter system. AIV was detected from filter membrane by real-time RT-PCR. The performance of Zetapor, SMWP, and Sartobind
D5F membranes in recovering influenza viruses was first evaluated using contaminated distilled water. SWMP, which gave the
highest virus recoveries, was then compared with a pre-filter combined GF/F filter membrane in a trial using natural water
samples. In this study, the cellulose membrane SMWP was found to be practical for recovery of AIVs in water. Viral yields
varied between 62.1 and 65.9% in distilled water and between 1 and 16.7% in natural water samples. The borosilicate glass
membrane GF/F combined with pre-filter was also feasible in filtering natural water samples with viral yields from 1.98 to
7.33%. The methods described can be used for monitoring fresh and seawater samples for the presence of AIV and to determine
the source of AIV transmission in an outbreak situation. 相似文献
229.
Sara Romani Seyed Reza Mohebbi Seyed Masoud Hosseini Pedram Azimzadeh Mohsen Vahedi Faramarz Derakhshan Mohammad Reza Zali 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(1):1-5
Noroviruses are one of important agents that cause acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. These viruses are belonging to Caliciviridae
family and are genetically diverse. To date, there is no valuable data about prevalence of norovirus infection and the dominant
genogroup/genotype among Iranian population. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of norovirus infection
in Iranian patients with gastroenteritis referred to three hospitals of Tehran and to specify the dominant genogroup/genotype
of this virus among our study population. A total of 293 patients with acute gastroenteritis were included in the study. Detection
of norovirus was performed using RT-PCR method and confirmed by direct sequencing with specific designed primers for capsid
region of norovirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method. Norovirus strains identified
in our study were subsequently categorized according to previously defined genogroup/genotypes. Of these, norovirus GII was
dominant genogroup. Sixty-five percent (17 of 26) of positive samples were determined as GII and 35% (9 of 26) were determined
as GI, respectively, in 2008–2009. And among 8 sequenced strains of genogroup II the most frequent genotype was GII.3. The
results of this study indicated that norovirus must be considered as one of the infectious causes of acute gastroenteritis
among Iranian population. We also found that GII.3 is more prevalent in our study population. To the best of our knowledge
there is limited data about the role of noroviruses in children and adults’ acute gastroenteritis among Iranian patients and
this prevalence and genotyping report of norovirus infection could be remarkable for further studies. 相似文献
230.
加大对重点项目和民生项目建设的环境管理,充分发挥环评在产业结构调整、工业布局优化中的重要作用,是政府和环保部门当前必须认真对待的首要问题。 相似文献