高铁酸钾与O3对有机磷农药的去除效力对比及应用前景

本文介绍了臭氧/高铁酸钾技术降解有机磷农药的基本化学机理以及在国内外的研究现状,从五个方面对比了臭氧和高铁酸钾去除有机磷农药的的优劣性,分析了今后有机磷农药降解的研究方向。     

水射流空化强化光催化处理活性艳红模拟废水

采用水射流空化强化TiO2光催化处理活性艳红X-3B模拟废水3.3 L,进行了自来水与蒸馏水的效果比较并初步研究了反应温度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH、染料初始质量浓度以及空化管喉管直径对染料去除率的影响。针对模拟废水,实验结果表明:该工艺克服了传统光催化技术中催化剂容易团聚的不足,使反应能够持续进行。溶剂全部为蒸馏水的脱色率和表观反应动力学常数分别是溶剂全部为自来水的2.1倍和4.2倍。在最优条件下:染料初始质量浓度30 mg/L,pH 3.0,温度60℃,TiO2投加量150 mg/L,反应进行90 min后染料脱色率可以达到96%。而在结合实际情况优化后的推荐值下,pH 6.0,温度40℃,空化管喉管直径选用1.5mm,其它条件不变,染料脱色率及COD去除率分别为69%和54%,该结果更能指导实践。     

针-板式介质阻挡放电降解土壤中对硝基苯酚研究

采用针-板式介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生低温等离子体降解土壤中对硝基苯酚(PNP),考察了放电电压、载气气量、土壤含水率以及土壤pH值对土壤中PNP降解效果的影响。结果表明:针-板式DBD对土壤中PNP有良好的降解效果。在PNP初始浓度400mg/kg,放电电压18 kV条件下,放电处理60 min,PNP降解率达到87.3%。增加放电电压和含水率均能提高降解率。不通入载气,也有较好的降解效果。碱性条件有利于PNP降解。     

土地资源承载力在规划环评中的应用研究

土地资源是人类社会发展的基础,开展土地资源承载力研究,并将其引入规划环评中,对于完善规划环评技术方法,更好的发挥其战略指导作用,协调土地资源开发与经济发展和环境保护之间的关系具有重要的意义。本文对土地资源系统进行分析,重新框定土地资源承载力的概念和内涵;建立规划环评土地资源承载力分析的理论模型,并基于DSR模式,构建出一套可操作性强的规划环评土地资源承载力分析指标体系;开展广州南沙区规划环评土地资源承载力分析的应用研究,提出规划调整建议。     

N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.     

丙溴磷在土壤中的吸附与迁移行为研究

采用气相色谱(GC-FPD)法建立了丙溴磷在水和土壤中的残留分析方法。结果表明,丙溴磷在水和土壤中的平均回收率在87.18%~103.64%之间,变异系数为4.84%~9.89%;丙溴磷在水和土壤中的最低检测浓度分别为0.005 mg/L,0.05 mg/kg。采用平衡吸附法和薄层层析法研究了丙溴磷在砂土、壤土和粘土中的吸附和迁移特性。结果表明:丙溴磷在砂土、壤土和粘土中的吸附常数Kd分别为12.70、33.65和74.92,土壤对丙溴磷的吸附能力与土壤有机质含量呈正相关,其移动性分别表现为在砂土、壤土中不易移动,在粘土中不移动。     

工业废水中有机污染物指标TOC、CODCr、BOD5相关性研究

研究了工业废水中有机污染物指标TOC、CODCr、BOD5三者之间的相关性。用耶拿Muhiwin N／C 3100型总有机碳测定仪测定TOC,用经典方法测定CODCr、BOD5。通过TOC线性回归计算发现TOC与CODCr、BOD5有很好的相关性。因此对于生产稳定的企业可通过测定TOC推算出CODCr、BOD5值。从而可将TOC作为有机污染物排放控制指标。     

工业园区恶臭气体处理方法研究

恶臭气体污染已经越来越受到人们的关注,严重影响人们的生活。寻找合适的治理方法已经成为各国亟待解决的问题。本文主要介绍了几种低成本、高效率的恶臭治理方法并指出了未来的发展趋势。     

Dissipation of pentachlorophenol in the aerobic-anaerobic interfaces established by the rhizosphere of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) root

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the detoxification and remediation of organic pollutants such as pentachlorophenol (PCP). To investigate the dissipation behavior of PCP in the aerobic-anaerobic interfaces established by the rhizosphere of rice ( L.) root, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using a specially designed rhizobox. The possible biogeochemical mechanisms were also studied through illustration of the dynamic behavior of important electron acceptors and donors that are potentially involved in the reductive dechlorination and aerobic catabolism processes of PCP. The soil was spiked with 20 ± 0.25 and 45 ± 0.25 mg of PCP kg soil. Soil in the rhizobox was divided into five different compartments at various distances from the root surface. Maximum dissipation of PCP in planted soil was observed at 3-mm distance from the root zone as well as rapid changes in concentrations of sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and ammonium at the same distance from the root. In contrast, in the unplanted soil, no difference was observed in the PCP concentration with increasing distance. After 45 d, a significantly higher concentration of PCP was degraded in planted soil compared with unplanted soil. In the unplanted microcosms, about 45% of the initial PCP was lost at both low and high added rates, respectively. This was, proportionately, a significantly smaller percentage compared with the planted rhizosphere (an average of 66 and 64.5%, respectively). Moreover, the correlations of PCP dissipation with SO, NO, and Fe were significantly negative, while the correlations of PCP dissipation with NH, Fe, and Cl were significantly positive. This suggested the oxidization of soil constituents can inhibit aerobic catabolism of PCP by consuming O, and the reduction of soil constituents can inhibit anaerobic reductive dechlorination of PCP. Therefore, the significance of the rhizosphere in phytoremediation of chlorinated compounds such as PCP differs significantly between wetland and rainfed systems.     

矿井避难硐室正压密闭系统研究

矿井避难硐室在灾变时为矿工提供了隔绝密闭的避难空间,内部正压密闭系统起到了隔绝有毒有害气体的作用。本文对矿井避难硐室正压系统进行研究,确定影响矿井避难硐室正压数值的因素,通过理论计算确定了矿井避难硐室正压值,同时确定了矿井避难硐室的正压维持方式并设计了相应的余压阀。为保证矿井避难硐室正压的实现,对矿井避难硐室密闭系统进行研究,包括建筑密闭和设施密闭。