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321.
322.
Aloo Becky Nancy Mbega Ernest Rashid Makumba Billy Amendi Tumuhairwe John Baptist 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60406-60424
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Conventional agriculture relies heavily on chemical pesticides and fertilizers to control plant pests and diseases and improve production.... 相似文献
323.
David W. Gibbons Chris Sandbrook William J. Sutherland Rezvin Akter Richard Bradbury Steven Broad Andy Clements Humphrey Q. P. Crick Joanna Elliott Ngawang Gyeltshen Melanie Heath Jonathan Hughes Richard K. B. Jenkins Alastair H. Jones Rocio Lopez de la Lama Nicholas B. W. Macfarlane Mike Maunder Ravikash Prasad Alfredo Romero-Muñoz Noa Steiner James Tremlett Rosie Trevelyan Savita Vijaykumar Irushinie Wedage Nancy Ockendon 《Conservation biology》2022,36(1):e13781
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on almost all aspects of human society and endeavor; the natural world and its conservation have not been spared. Through a process of expert consultation, we identified and categorized, into 19 themes and 70 subthemes, the ways in which biodiversity and its conservation have been or could be affected by the pandemic globally. Nearly 60% of the effects have been broadly negative. Subsequently, we created a compendium of all themes and subthemes, each with explanatory text, and in August 2020 a diverse group of experienced conservationists with expertise from across sectors and geographies assessed each subtheme for its likely impact on biodiversity conservation globally. The 9 subthemes ranked highest all have a negative impact. These were, in rank order, governments sidelining the environment during their economic recovery, reduced wildlife-based tourism income, increased habitat destruction, reduced government funding, increased plastic and other solid waste pollution, weakening of nature-friendly regulations and their enforcement, increased illegal harvest of wild animals, reduced philanthropy, and threats to survival of conservation organizations. In combination, these impacts present a worrying future of increased threats to biodiversity conservation but reduced capacity to counter them. The highest ranking positive impact, at 10, was the beneficial impact of wildlife-trade restrictions. More optimistically, among impacts ranked 11-20, 6 were positive and 4 were negative. We hope our assessment will draw attention to the impacts of the pandemic and, thus, improve the conservation community's ability to respond to such threats in the future. 相似文献
324.
Vyas VM Gochfeld MG Georgopoulos PG Lioy PJ Sussman NR 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(2):225-235
Environmental remediation decisions are driven by the need to minimize human health and ecological risks posed by environmental releases. The Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Sites enunciates the principles of exposure and risk assessment that are to be used for reaching remediation decisions for sites under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Experience with remediation management under CERCLA has led to recognition of some crucial infirmities in the processes for managing remediation: cleanup management policies are ad hoc in character, mandates and practices are strongly conservative, and contaminant risk management occurs in an artificially narrow context. The purpose of this case study is to show how a policy of risk-based decision-making was used to avoid customary pitfalls in site remediation. This case study describes the risk-based decision-making process in a remedial action program at a former manufactured gas plant site that successfully achieved timely and effective cleanup. The remediation process operated outside the confines of the CERCLA process under an administrative consent order between the utility and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. A residential use end state was negotiated as part of this agreement. The attendant uncertainties, complications, and unexpected contingencies were overcome by using the likely exposures associated with the desired end state to structure all of the remediation management decisions and by collecting site-specific information from the very outset to obtain a detailed and realistic characterization of human health risks that needed to be mitigated. The lessons from this case study are generalizable to more complicated remediation cases, when supported by correspondingly sophisticated technical approaches. 相似文献