广东省坡耕地状况及其利用改良对策

广东省坡耕地面积６６．７９万ｈｍ２，占耕地总面积的２３．４８％．是广东省旱粮、油、糖、烟、热带亚热带果树以及热作等的生产基地，在农业生产上具有举足轻重的地位．但由于大部分坡耕地是顺坡开垦，重用轻养，耕作粗放，少施肥等，以致存在土壤有机质偏低，氮、磷、钾养分贫乏，土壤酸度大，耕层浅薄，砂化严重，干旱，农作物产量低等问题。然而，坡耕地土层深厚，环境条件优越，水热充足，生产潜力大。针对坡耕地的这些状况，提出：搞好农地整治，变“三跑地”为“三保地”；用养结合，以地养地；因地制宜，合理利用；增施化学肥料，调节土壤养分等对策。     

零电流示波电位滴定法测定水中氰化物

本文采用零电流示波电位滴定法,测定工业废水中的氰化物,最低检出限可达0.22mg/1,该法与比色法相比,有简便、快速,灵敏等优点。     

环境影响评价中的危害分析及其实例应用——中河化工厂罐区扩建工程的危害分析

环境中有毒、易燃、易爆等物质的泄漏将会在不同程度上对人体和周围环境造成伤害。为此建设项目（特别是化工行业）在进行环境影响评价时，必需对这些潜在的危害物质及其可能发生的事故进行危害分析。本文通过对天津中河化工厂罐区扩建工程的危害分析，给出了危害分析的基本过程及其分析的理论方法，以便为今后化工行业建设项目的危害分析提供一个理论参考。     

阳离子染料废水的脱色方法及其机理的研究

本文以阳离子染料碱性品红为代表，采用ＰＦＡＳ混凝剂对其水溶液进行脱色处理，在处理过程加入适量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠做助剂，脱色率最高可达９９％以上。本文还研究ｐＨ值及盐效应对脱色率的影响。脱色机理的研究结果表明：阳离子染料在水溶液中与十二烷基苯磺酸钠之间发生化学作用，靠氢键及静电键结合，使原来带正电荷的阳离子染料粒子转变为带负电荷的粒子，再与带正电荷的ＰＦＡＳ混凝剂的胶体作用产生絮凝沉淀。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅲ)广济寺森林群落植物物种相对多度分布格局

本文选用几何级数分布、分割线段、对数级数分布和对数正态分布等模型研究了南岳广济寺森林群落植物物种相对多度的分布格局。结果表明,对数级分布模型适于拟合南岳广济寺森林群落乔木层和灌木层物种相对多度的分布格局;分割线段中的序列一多度模型仅适合于乔木层;对数正态分布模型仅适合于草本层;几何级数分布模型完全适合于拟合任何层次。此外,α指数值亦显示出本群落接近山地季雨林的多样性水平。     

2-硝基芴的致突变性受共存多环芳烃的影响

本文以Ames试验的TA_(98)菌株研究了2-硝基芴(2-Nitroflurene)在其它多环芳烃共存时,其致突变性的变化.结果显示:它与其它硝基多环芳烃共存时.直接致突变性增强;而与其它无直接致突变性的多环芳烃共存时,其直接致突变性减弱,且多环芳烃的环数越多、减弱作用越强,这可能是因为硝基多环芳烃具有亲电子性,DNA的碱基有亲核性,易于结合,造成DNA的损伤;而多环芳烃一般具有供电子性,阻碍了硝基多环芳烃与DNA碱基的结合.     

Feasibility study of photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor

The photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was investigated with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor. It was found that the methylene blue could be degraded more efficiently by photoelectrochemical process than by photocatalytic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation alone. The decolorization efficiency and COD reduction were 95% and 87% for a photoelectrochemical process, respectively, while they were only 78% and 68% for a single electrochemical process and 89% and 71% for a single photochemical process. The TOC reduction of the former also reached as high as about 81% within a reaction time of 30.0 min. And these degradation reactions conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

选择性催化还原NO反应的研究进展

本文介绍了近年来选择性催化还原ＮＯ反应的研究进展状况，并对目前研究中存在的问题及今后研究的方向提出一些看法。     

Adsorption of arsenate on soils. Part 1: laboratory batch experiments using 16 Chinese soils with different physiochemical properties

Laboratory batch experiments were carried out to study the adsorption of arsenate on 16 Chinese soils with different physicochemical properties. Wide differences in arsenate adsorption were observed, and the Jiangxi and Hubei soils were more effective sorbents for arsenate than other soils. The Langmuir one-surface and two-surface equations were used to model the arsenate adsorption data. Except for the Jiangxi and Hubei soils, the Langmuir one-surface equation gave reasonably good fits to the arsenate adsorption data. However, the Langmuir two-surface equation generally provided a better fit than the Langmuir one-surface equation. For soils with relative high organic matter (OM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or extractable phosphate, the Langmuir one-surface and two-surface equations described the adsorption isotherms similarly. In contrast, for soils with relatively low contents of OM, DOC or extractable phosphate, the Langmuir two-surface equation gave the better fit to the arsenate adsorption data.     

Designing monitoring networks to represent outdoor human exposure

Measurements of outdoor human exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM) are always constrained by available resources. An effective network design requires tradeoffs between variables measured, the number of sampling locations, sample duration, and sampling frequency. Sampling sites are needed to represent neighborhood and urban spatial scales with minimal influences from nearby sources. Although most PM measurements for determining compliance with standards are taken over 24-h periods every third to sixth day, outdoor human exposure assessment requires measurements taken continuously throughout the day, preferably over durations of 1 h or less. More detailed particle size and chemistry data are also desirable, as smaller size fractions and specific chemicals may be better indicators of adverse health effects than total mass samples.