Lack of population subdivision among the minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from Icelandic and Norwegian waters based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

The minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) is subject to commercial whaling, but stock identification and assessment are still uncertain. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were determined to examine the population structure of minke whales from the central and northeastern parts of the North Atlantic, as well as the Antarctic regions IV and V. The analyses include 345 nucleotide positions of the control region of 110 individuals, and 250 nucleotide positions of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene for a representative selection of North Atlantic minke whales. Maximum parsimony analyses and sequence divergence calculations did not reveal any genetic differentiation between individuals from the central and northeastern parts of the North Atlantic. These results do not support the International Whaling Commission's separation of minke whales in this area into different management units, and they are in conflict with previously reported results from allozyme analyses. Comparison of minke whale control region sequences showed that the sequence diversity of North Atlantic minke whales is substantially lower (0.0065) than that of Antarctic minke whales (0.0166), and clearly demonstrated that individuals from these two areas represent genetically distinct populations.     

Metallisch leitende Polymere — Jagdgründe für Solitonen?

Polyacetylene is presented as the prototype of a metallic conducting polymer. The concepts of one-dimensional metal physics are illustrated and special attention is drawn to a structural defect called “soliton”. Electrical, magnetic, and optical experiments connected with solitons are discussed. The authors' opinion is expressed that present experimental results do not yet furnish strong evidence for the existence of solitons in polyacetylene, but that the soliton idea is a fruitful stimulus for further investigations and novel applications.