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971.
Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Water Quality in a Mediterranean Catchment: The Llobregat River (NE Spain) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fernández-Turiel JL Gimeno D Rodriguez JJ Carnicero M Valero F 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2003,25(4):453-474
The Llobregat and Ter Rivers, typical Mediterranean catchments in Northeast Spain, supply water to more than 4.5 million inhabitants residing in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The objective of this work is to study the factors that influence the surface water quality of Llobregat catchment. As such, spatial and temporal variations of more 50 water chemical parameters were monitored in 10 sampling sites for a period that extended from July 1996 to December 2000. The temperature, pH and conductivity were measured at sites, whereas metals were analysed using ICP-OES and ICP-MS instrumental techniques. The head waters of the Llobregat River catchment flow through detrital Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rocks resulting in calcium bicarbonate-type water with low mineral content. The high water quality of the waterhead is deteriorated in the upper-middle part of the catchment due to: occurrence of evaporite-bearing geological formations, and the mining and industrial activities related to potash exploitation. As a result, an obvious increase in Na, K, Mg, Cl-, Br, Rb, and Sr concentrations is reported leading to a sodium (potassium) chloride water type. This saline hydrochemical fingerprint persists downstream. This important feature renders the low water quality of the Llobregat River to be adequate for drinking supply purposes. In addition, the industrial and residential activities, specially at the lower part of the catchment, increases P, B, Mn, Fe, Pb, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Sb water concentrations. 相似文献
972.
Pedro D. Fernández Tobias Kuemmerle Matthias Baumann H. Ricardo Grau José A. Nasca Alejandro Radrizzani 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(1):52-68
ABSTRACTImpacts of cattle production vary among different production systems, but data on their distribution is scarce for most world regions. In this work, we combine datasets on cattle vaccination locations and land cover in a regression framework to define and map major cattle production systems in the Argentinean Dry Chaco. We also explore how cattle occurrence relates to spatial determinants. Results indicate that the region harbors about 5.5 million heads. Cattle density was mainly described by the share of pasture (69.9%), cropland (28.1%) and aridity (23.8%). We identified 12-major cattle production systems: six cow-calf, three whole-cycle, and three fattening systems. Of these, four systems had high woodland cover (>85%). Data generated is available in a website. Understanding the distribution of cattle production systems is important to assess the environmental impacts of beef production at broad scales. Integrating vaccination data with land-cover information provides a promising avenue to identify livestock systems. 相似文献
973.
Clemens?Küpper János?Kis András?Kosztolányi Tamás?Székely Innes?C.?Cuthill Donald?BlomqvistEmail author 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,57(1):32-39
It is still unclear why females in many bird species pursue extra-pair copulations. Current hypotheses focus mainly on indirect benefits such as obtaining particular good genes for their offspring or maximizing genetic compatibility between themselves and the father of their offspring. Supporting the latter, a recent study of shorebirds suggests that extra-pair matings may function to avoid the negative effects of genetic similarity between mates. Here, we further investigate genetic parentage in the Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus, a shorebird with a highly variable social mating system. DNA fingerprinting revealed that most pairs were genetically monogamous: 7.9% of the broods (7/89) contained extra-pair young, comprising 3.9% of all chicks (9/229). These cases represented, however, three alternative reproductive behaviors: extra-pair paternity, quasi-parasitism (extra-pair maternity) and intraspecific brood parasitism. This is the first study showing the occurrence of all three behaviors in one shorebird species. We also found that extra-pair fertilizations (extra-pair paternity and quasi-parasitism) were more frequent later in the breeding season. There was no consistent relationship between genetic similarity of mates and laying date; the pattern, as well as the degree of genetic similarity, differed among breeding sites within the study population.Communicated by M. Webster 相似文献
974.
Edward A. Ellis A. Navarro Martínez M. García Ortega I. U. Hernández Gómez D. Chacón Castillo 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(1):25-51
ABSTRACTForest cover dynamics (1993-2018) was assessed in two regions on the Yucatan Peninsula: Zona Maya (ZM), 67% indigenous with shifting cultivation and community forestry; and Bacalar–Rio Hondo (BRH), mainly commercial agriculture and pastureland. Degradation (12,915 ha y?1) exceeded deforestation (5882 ha y?1) and was worse in BRH. In BRH there was a net forest loss (?1.6% y?1) associated with pastureland and commercial agriculture. In ZM, mature forest recovery (1.4% y?1) and dynamic forest cover (continuous loss and gain) were associated with shifting cultivation. Changes were more intense during 2011–2018 and gains of mature forest in ZM and deforested areas in BRH targeted secondary vegetation. Fragments of mature and secondary vegetation decreased, and connectivity improved in ZM, but opposite trends occurred in BRH. Reporting and monitoring deforestation using Global Forest Watch data is inadequate since 62% of forest cover loss represent degrading or recovering forest cover. 相似文献
975.
Determination of selected neonicotinoid insecticides by liquid chromatography with thermal lens spectrometric detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Valéria Guzsvány Azamela Madžgalj Polonca Trebše Ferenc Gaál Mladen Franko 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(4):203-208
We studied the analysis of trace amounts of neonicotinoid insecticides by liquid chromatography coupled with a thermal lens
spectrometric detector (TLS). This multi-residue analysis method is based on the reversed phase separation on C18 column, isocratic elution and collinear dual beam TLS detection. The insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid
and thiacloprid were detected with retention times of 4.4, 5.7, 6.5 and 8.5 min and limits of quantifications of 50, 89, 10,
and 25 μg/L, respectively. The retention times agreed well with those obtained by the same chromatographic method but using
a diode-array detector (DAD). The limits of quantifications for imidacloprid were identical in both techniques. However, the
limits of quantifications for thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid were up to 8.5 times lower using the TLS detector
compared to the diode-array detector. The applicability of the developed procedure was tested on spiked river water and potato
samples. 相似文献
976.
Total concentrations and extractable fractionations of As and Sb were determined in soil samples from former mining sites in Scotland and Italy. Pseudo-total levels of As and Sb in the sample were between 50–17,428 mg/kg and 10–1,187 mg/kg (Scotland), and 16–691 mg/kg and 1.63–11.44 mg/kg (Italy). Between 0.001–0.63% and <0.001−8.82% of the total soil As and Sb, were extractable using, a single extraction bioavailability estimate. Data from an As-specific extraction procedure revealed that up to 60% of As was associated to amorphous Fe-Al oxyhydroxide phase in all soils. A non-specific-sequential extraction test also showed As to be strongly associated with Fe (and Al) oxyhydroxides at both locations. In the case of Sb, in addition to the crystalline Fe-oxide bound Sb the Al-silicate phase also appeared to be significant. At both sites Sb appears to be chemically more accessible than As with consistent availability despite the varied origin and host soil properties. 相似文献
977.
Green-Ruiz C Ruelas-Inzunza J Páez-Osuna F 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2005,27(4):321-329
In order to know the concentration of mercury in surface sediments, macroalgae and clams from Guaymas Bay, Mexico, 20 surface
sediment samples and several individuals of Codium amplivesciculatum (3), Enteromorpha clathrata (4), Gracilaria subsecundata (2), Ulva lactuca (2), Chione subrugosa (80) and Crassostrea gigas (40) were collected and their Hg concentration was measured by a cold vapor Hg analyzer, after acid digestion. In addition,
granulometric analysis and quantification of total organic carbon, aluminum, iron and manganese contents in sediments were
performed. A Pearsons correlation matrix was determined and, the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index and the biota-sediment
accumulation factor were calculated. Mercury concentrations in sediments ranged from 0.3 to 2.3 μg g−1, with the central and northern portions showing the highest values. Macroalgae had a content of Hg that oscillated from 0.058
to 0.134 μg g−1, while the average concentrations of this metal for clams and oysters were 0.063 and 0.230 μg g−1, respectively. A clear effect of Guaymas City and the anthropogenic activities carried out around the Guaymas Bay has been
observed and the enrichment factor and the geochemical index suggest that sediments from this coastal ecosystem are moderately
to strongly contaminated with Hg. However, according to the figure of the maximum human consumption of Hg per week recommended
by the World Health Organization, people can ingest clams without risk to their health. 相似文献
978.
The Gil-Márquez Complex is an exceptional outcrop of plutonic rocks ranging in composition from diorites to granites emplaced into Devonian terrigenous metasediments of the southernmost part of the Hercynian basement of Iberia. A combined study of this complex, including field geology, petrology, structural geology and geochemistry, reveals that it represents an ancient conduit of magma transport through the continental crust. This conduit allowed the intrusion of magmas of contrasted compositions. Two end-members and several hybrids are identified. The first end-member is a biotite granite and the second is a basaltic magma generated by partial melting of a depleted-mantle source. Both magmas rose through a common channel in which favorable conditions for unstable flow and magma mixing occurred. The observed relations in the Gil-Márquez Complex show that mixing in conduits may be an important mechanism for producing homogeneous hybrid magmas. 相似文献
979.
Mária Szabó Ákos Münnich Farkas Teichmann Mariann Huszka Lajos Veress Professor Zoltán Papp 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(12):761-769
We have analysed the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of biochemical diagnosis based on microvillar membrane enzyme assay and using discriminant analysis in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 54 pregnancies at high risk for cystic fibrosis and 125 normal pregnancies. Our results show that amniotic fluid trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme activities measured during 16–20 gestational weeks, in spite of their non-specificity for cystic fibrosis, have a very good predictive value for fetal cystic fibrosis or exclude the possibility of the disease. Overall enzyme activity analysis provided over 90 per cent reliability of the method. 相似文献
980.