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341.
342.
This paper reports the development and psychometric validation of a multi-dimensional measure of facet-specific climate for innovation within groups at work: the Team Climate Inventory (TCI). Brief reviews of the organizational climate and work group innovation literatures are presented initially, and the need for measures of facet-specific climate at the level of the proximal work group asserted. The four-factor theory of facet-specific climate for innovation, which was derived from these reviews, is described, and the procedures used to operationalize this model into the original version measure described. Data attesting to underlying factor structure, internal homogeneity, predictive validity and factor replicability across groups of the summarized measure are presented. An initial sample of 155 individuals from 27 hospital management teams provided data for the exploratory factor analysis of this measure. Responses from 121 further groups in four occupations (35 primary health care teams, 42 social services teams, 20 psychiatric teams and 24 oil company teams; total N=971) were used to apply confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This five-factor, 38-item summarized version demonstrates robust psychometric properties, with acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Potential applications of this measure are described and the implication of these findings for the measurement of proximal work group climate are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
343.
Ashley G.B. Willmott Alex Bliss William H. Simpson Steve M. Tocker Rowland Cottingham Neil S. Maxwell 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(1):118-128
Introduction. Cooling of the body is used to treat hyperthermic individuals with heatstroke or to depress core temperature below normal for neuroprotection. A novel, chemically activated, unpowered cooling device, CAERvest®, was investigated for safety and efficacy. Methods. Eight healthy male participants (body mass 79.9?±?1.9?kg and body fat percentage 16.1?±?3.8%) visited the laboratory (20 °C, 40% relative humidity) on four occasions. Following 30-min rest, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded. Participants were then fitted with the CAERvest® proof of concept (PoC) or prototype 1 (P1), 2 (P2) or 3 (P3) for 60 min. Temperature, cardiovascular and perceptual measures were recorded every 5 min. After cooling, the CAERvest® was removed and the torso checked for cold-related injuries. Results. Temperature measures significantly (p?0.05) reduced pre to post in all trials. Larger reductions in core and skin temperatures were observed for PoC (?0.36?±?0.18 and ?1.55?±?0.97 °C) and P3 (?0.36?±?0.22 and ?2.47?±?0.82 °C), compared with P1 and P2. No signs of cold-related injury were observed at any stage. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the CAERvest® is an effective device for reducing body temperature in healthy normothermic individuals without presence of cold injury. Further research in healthy and clinical populations is warranted. 相似文献
344.
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - The literature is abundant with studies analyzing inequality in carbon emissions at the macroeconomic level, but very limited at the household level.... 相似文献
345.
Efroymson RA Peterson MJ Welsh CJ Druckenbrod DL Ryon MG Smith JG Hargrove WW Giffen NR Roy WK Quarles HD 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):1436-1451
Habitat valuation methods are most often developed and used to prioritize candidate lands for conservation. In this study the intent of habitat valuation was to inform the decision-making process for remediation of chemical contaminants on specific lands or surface water bodies. Methods were developed to summarize dimensions of habitat value for six representative aquatic and terrestrial contaminated sites at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) on the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Several general valuation metrics were developed for three broad categories: site use by groups of organisms, site rarity, and use value added from spatial context. Examples of use value metrics are taxa richness, a direct measure of number of species that inhabit an area, complexity of habitat structure, an indirect measure of potential number of species that may use the area, and land use designation, a measure of the length of time that the area will be available for use. Measures of rarity included presence of rare species or communities. Examples of metrics for habitat use value added from spatial context included similarity or complementarity of neighboring habitat patches and presence of habitat corridors. More specific metrics were developed for groups of organisms in contaminated streams, ponds, and terrestrial ecosystems. For each of these metrics, cutoff values for high, medium, and low habitat value were suggested, based on available information on distributions of organisms and landscape features, as well as habitat use information. A companion paper describes the implementation of these habitat valuation metrics and scoring criteria in the remedial investigation for ETTP. 相似文献
346.
Darbah JN Kubiske ME Nelson N Oksanen E Vapaavuori E Karnosky DF 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(3):446-452
We studied the effects of long-term exposure (nine years) of birch (Betula papyrifera) trees to elevated CO(2) and/or O(3) on reproduction and seedling development at the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. We found that elevated CO(2) increased both the number of trees that flowered and the quantity of flowers (260% increase in male flower production), increased seed weight, germination rate, and seedling vigor. Elevated O(3) also increased flowering but decreased seed weight and germination rate. In the combination treatment (elevated CO(2)+O(3)) seed weight is decreased (20% reduction) while germination rate was unaffected. The evidence from this study indicates that elevated CO(2) may have a largely positive impact on forest tree reproduction and regeneration while elevated O(3) will likely have a negative impact. 相似文献
347.
Geraint A. Tarling Jennifer J. Freer Neil S. Banas Anna Belcher Mayleen Blackwell Claudia Castellani Kathryn B. Cook Finlo R. Cottier Malin Daase Magnus L. Johnson Kim S. Last Penelope K. Lindeque Daniel J. Mayor Elaine Mitchell Helen E. Parry Douglas C. Speirs Gabriele Stowasser Marianne Wootton 《Ambio》2022,51(2):333
The changing Arctic environment is affecting zooplankton that support its abundant wildlife. We examined how these changes are influencing a key zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus, principally found in the North Atlantic but expatriated to the Arctic. Close to the ice-edge in the Fram Strait, we identified areas that, since the 1980s, are increasingly favourable to C. finmarchicus. Field-sampling revealed part of the population there to be capable of amassing enough reserves to overwinter. Early developmental stages were also present in early summer, suggesting successful local recruitment. This extension to suitable C. finmarchicus habitat is most likely facilitated by the long-term retreat of the ice-edge, allowing phytoplankton to bloom earlier and for longer and through higher temperatures increasing copepod developmental rates. The increased capacity for this species to complete its life-cycle and prosper in the Fram Strait can change community structure, with large consequences to regional food-webs.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01667-y. 相似文献
348.
Green TJ Reeves CE Fleming ZL Brough N Rickard AR Bandy BJ Monks PS Penkett SA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(5):530-536
This paper describes a new dual-channel PEroxy RadiCal Amplification (PERCA) instrument, which has been designed to improve the time resolution and signal to noise and to reduce the interference caused by variations in ambient ozone concentrations. The instrument was run at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO), North Norfolk, during WAOWEX (Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory Winter Experiment) in January/February 2002 and INSPECTRO (Influence of clouds on the spectral actinic flux in the lower troposphere) in September 2002. The performance of the instrument is assessed and compared to that of a single channel instrument. In particular, it is shown how the precision is greatly improved in fluctuating background ozone conditions. In addition the improved time response of the instrument allows changes in peroxy radical concentrations to be related to rapid changes in nitric oxide concentrations and the ozone photolysis frequency, j(O(1)D). 相似文献
349.
350.
Neil D. Westcott Randy A. Reichle 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):91-101
Abstract Residues of cypermethrin and deltamethrin in wheat herbage and grain and deltamethrin in sweetclover herbage were determined. Cypermethrin was applied at 28 g/ha to wheat and the residues on the herbage declined exponentially from 3.74 ppm immediately after spraying to 0.20 ppm 27 days after spraying. No cypermethrin residues were detected in the grain. Deltamethrin was applied at 6 g/ha to wheat and the residues on the herbage declined exponentially from 0.70 ppm immediatly after spraying to 0.05 ppm 27 days after spraying. No deltamethrin residues were detected in the grain. Deltamethrin was applied to sweetclover at 3, 4, 5, 10, and 16 g/ha. Residues on the herbage declined exponentially from 0.10, 0.16, 0.22, 0.40 and 0.70 ppm immediatly after spraying to 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.15 and 0.18 ppm 5 days after spraying, respectively. 相似文献