Emergy evaluation of the environment and economy of Hong Kong

ＥｍｅｒｇｙｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＬａｎＳｈｅｎｇｆａｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏ...     

浙江三界、谷来地区1/5万区域地质调查工作的主要进展

三界谷来地区主要出露中、新生代火山岩。进行 １／５万区域地质调查时，采用火山活动旋回－火山构造－火山地层－岩相、岩性－体化思路，按照同旋回火山机构或火山喷发区为单元，确定岩石地层单位和填图单元。火山岩划分为九种岩相类型，建立了两个岩相模式和一个三相一体成因模式。根据火山岩浆作用的旋回性及其产物与火山构造形迹时、空、成因一致性原理，将中、新生代火山岩浆作用分为四个火山活动旋回，圈定了相应的火山机构或火山喷发中心，建立了竹田头复活破火山演化模式。新生代玄武岩中发现二辉斜长麻粒岩等深源包体，为研究区域深部地质作用过程提供了证据。侵入岩按岩石谱系单元划分了七个岩石单元一个超单元，将侵入岩－潜火山岩－火山岩作为岩浆作用整体研究，为正确阐明岩浆作用及其演化规律奠定了基础。区域线型构造发育，与环形火山构造组合，形成火山岩区特有的线一环构造格局。中上元古界陈蔡群变质岩划分为上、下两个岩组，探讨了变质岩的原岩性质及其形成的大地构造环境。     

土壤对六价铬的还原容量初步研究

提出并讨论了土壤的潜在还原容量、有效还原容量和条件还原容量等概念，通过对采用北京和唐山地下水饮用水源区３个包气带土壤样品的土柱淋滤实验，研究了土壤对水溶液中六价铬的还原作用，研究了上述土壤各种还原容量之间的关系及影响因素，探讨了向土壤中投加适量常见，无毒，价廉的还原性物质以提高土壤还原能力的方法和将其应用于去除灌溉用污染地下水中六价铬的可能性，实验结果表明，在正常环境条件下，土壤的有效还原容量比土     

A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada

Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems. As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha⁻¹ for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha⁻¹ with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s.     

泰国和越南的产业改革和养虾业通向生态、社会及经济可持续发展的道路

越南的养虾业正处在对生产体系的基础改造,使其转变成一个重要产业的过程中.该地区其他国家的经验,特别是高投入生产体系占主导地位的泰国的经验表明,现在正是通过干预使养虾业改道进入在生态、社会和经济上更可持续的道路.在泰国,实施强化的体系和复杂的产业组织的多年经验并没有获得可持续的解决办法.这里所面临的任务是使社会重新赢得控制并沿着更有效和良性发展的道路改变改革的发展方向.我们的分析结果表明,这两个国家的现行方法不可能使养虾业可持续的发展,需要对整个对虾的生产、喂养、加工、供销及管理的方式进行全面改革.     

Cells of the connective tissue differentiate and migrate into pollen sacs

In angiosperms, archesporial cells in the anther primordium undergo meiosis to form haploid pollen, the sole occupants of anther sacs. Anther sacs are held together by a matrix of parenchyma cells, the connective tissue. Cells of the connective tissue are not known to differentiate. We report the differentiation of parenchyma cells in the connective tissue of two Gordonia species into pollen-like structures (described as pseudopollen), which migrate into the anther sacs before dehiscence. Pollen and pseudopollen were distinguishable by morphology and staining. Pollen were tricolpate to spherical while pseudopollen were less rigid and transparent with a ribbed surface. Both types were different in size, shape, staining and surface architecture. The ratio of the number of pseudopollen to pollen was 1:3. During ontogeny in the connective tissue, neither cell division nor tetrad formation was observed and hence pseudopollen were presumed to be diploid. Only normal pollen germinated on a germination medium. Fixed preparations in time seemed to indicate that pseudopollen migrate from the connective tissue into the anther sac.     

常压塔塔顶腐蚀关键参量相关性分析与预测

预测常压塔顶回流罐切水的关键离子浓度可以为常压塔顶系统工艺防腐提供技术指导。收集了某炼厂2014-2016年常压装置的生产实时工艺参数、原料及产品采样数据、水质分析化验参数,采用线性插值方法对不同时间尺度的数据进行补全。通过线性相关性分析获得了影响常压塔顶回流罐切水总铁离子浓度、pH的主要因素,并基于深度学习、支持向量机回归、粒子群优化方法建立了腐蚀关键参量预测模型。结果表明,pH值和总铁离子浓度的相关因素大部分重叠,与原料性质及产品馏出温度较强相关;建立的回归模型预测精度高,在训练集和预测集上,总铁离子浓度预测值与测量值最大偏差分别为4. 4%和9. 8%,pH值预测值与测量值最大偏差分别为0. 9%和1. 1%。     

室内环境污染的防治及措施

分析了室内环境污染的原因以及室内污染对人类带来的危害，提出防护和改善室内环境质量的建议和措施。     

The functionality of female reciprocal calls in the Iberian midwife toad (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alytes cisternasii</Emphasis>): female-female acoustic competition?

Female midwife toads (genus Alytes) emit highly variable reciprocal calls of unclear function prior to and during courtship. In some species, female-female competition, expressed as physical fighting, has been reported. Males of Majorcan midwife toads (Alytes muletensis) show phonotactic response to female calls, and females of Iberian midwife toads (Alytes cisternasii) respond differently according to the male call characteristics. In this study, I test the hypothesis of female-female acoustic competition as an additional function of female reciprocal calls. Playback tests indicate that female calls are not clearly involved in female acoustic competition in the Iberian midwife toad, therefore female calls could be directed at males rather than towards competitive females.