Research on low emission MSW gasification and melting system

In order to eliminate secondary pollution caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, a MSW gasification and melting process is proposed. The process is expected to reduce the emission of pollutants, especially heavy-metals and dioxins. In this paper, the combustible components of MSW and simulated MSW were gasified in a lab-scale fluidized bed at 400°C–700°C when the excess air ratio (ER) was between 0.2 and 0.8. The experimental results indicated that the MSW could be gasified effectively in a fluidized bed at approximately 600°C–700°C when excess air ratio was 0.2–0.4. The melting characteristics of two typical fly ash samples from MSW incinerators were investigated. The results indicated that fly ash of pure MSW incineration could be melted at approximately 1,300°C and that of MSW and coal co-combustion could be melted at approximately 1,400°C. When temperature was over 1,100°C, more than 99.9% of the dioxins could be decomposed and most of the heavy-metals could be solidified in the slag. Based on the above experiments, two feasible MSW gasification and melting processes were proposed for low calorific value MSW: (1) sieved MSW gasification and melting system, which was based on an idea of multi-recycle; (2) gasification and melting scheme of MSW adding coal as assistant fuel. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 69–73 [译自: 环境科学]     

炼油废水处理技术进展

描述了炼油废水的产生及特点,介绍了几种水处理技术,并对炼油废水处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

球形红细菌去除和转化铅的机理研究

通过X-射线衍射光谱分析,球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)H菌株对铅离子的转化产物为硫化铅.H菌株在不同浓度Pb2 中培养后,研究了该菌株生长细胞对Pb2 去除的动力学和该菌体产生半胱氮酸脱巯基酶活性的变化,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了其同工酶谱.结果表明,Pb2 浓度为25～150 mg·L-1时,去除速率常数k较大,半衰期T1/2较短,去除率较高;Pb2 浓度为75、100和150 mg·L-1时,对H菌株产生半胱氨酸脱巯基酶活力有明显的促进作用,Pb2 浓度为200 mg·L-1时,对该酶活力有抑制作用.该菌体细胞及亚细胞组分中铅含量测定结果显示,94%的Pb2 分布于细胞壁和细胞质内,仅少量存在于细胞膜上,并结合透射电镜观察和红外光谱分析,证明了该H菌株对铅离子去除和转化是在细胞质内进行的.     

微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理电荷调节剂废水

针对电荷调节剂生产废水COD高,色度高,可生化性差的特点,采用微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理工艺进行研究。实验结果表明:在微电解铁碳比为1∶1.5,反应停留时间1 h,水解酸化水力停留时间为9 h,SBBR曝气量为0.25 L/min,曝气时间8 h,静沉1.5 h,该工艺最终出水各项水质指标能够达到进入市政污水管网的要求。     

成矿流体地球化学界面:Ⅱ组成及标志

本文主要介绍了地球化学界面的三个组成部分 (环境条件突变界面、流体性质演化界面、流体 -环境作用界面 ) ,地球化学界面的标志及识别方法     

喀斯特岩溶、非岩溶区植被总初级生产力与土壤呼吸的空间差异及其环境因子分析

选取中国两个典型喀斯特石漠化生态系统(研究区Ⅰ广西盘阳河流域峰丛洼地石漠化区、研究区Ⅱ云南荞麦地流域中山山地石漠化区),通过遥感影像反演和广泛的野外验证,开展喀斯特生态系统植被总初级生产力(GPP)和土壤呼吸(Rs)的差异分析及其在地形地貌、海拔坡度、土地利用以及岩性等环境因子上的空间分异分析。结果表明:1)两个研究区雨季和非雨季的GPP均值均要大于Rs均值,峰丛洼地的GPP和Rs均值都要高于中山山地,但中山山地的Rs均值两级分异更为明显; 2) GPP与海拔总体上呈现显著的负相关关系(在平均海拔较低的研究区Ⅰ更为明显),GPP均值在坡度大于25°左右时随着坡度的增加而减少;两个研究区的Rs均随着海拔的升高先降后增,坡度小于40°时呈负相关; 3)不同土地覆盖类型GPP均值总体上呈现林地灌丛草地、耕地的规律,而Rs均值呈现出居住建设用地耕地草地灌丛林地的规律,常绿针叶林有着区域内最高的GPP值,城镇建设用地有着最高的Rs均值; 4)研究区雨季与非雨季的GPP、Rs均值均呈现岩溶区小于非岩溶区的特点(p0.001)。本研究可为西南喀斯特生态系统碳循环特征研究提供参考,为分析喀斯特区域碳汇特点和机制提供应用支撑,为区域制定侧重不同的生态策略提供思路和应用参考。     

谈绿色住区环境设计

未来的住区环境是绿色的,人类的取向与选择是生态的,绿色住区环境设计会使人类 拥有更加美好与广阔的绿色空间。     

黄土高原蒸发力的计算和应用——兼谈改善生态环境的途径

蒸发力是气候学上的一个重要特征量。在水利工程设计、灌溉定额的制定、农林牧的合理布局需要以蒸发力资料为依据。彭曼公式具有较可靠的物理基础和计算精度较高的优点,在国际上得到了广泛的应用。我国某些学者在运用该公式时,未考虑海拔高度对蒸发力的影响,因此在高海拔地区应用彭曼公式会产生较大的误差。 本文应用高度订正后的彭曼公式:计算了黄土高原地区的蒸发力。 森林减弱了近地层风速,降低了该地区的蒸发力,农田水分状况得到了改善。     

Distinct community assembly processes underlie significant spatiotemporal dynamics of abundant and rare bacterioplankton in the Yangtze River

• Season and landform influenced spatiotemporal patterns of abundant and rare taxa. • Different stochastic processes dominated abundant and rare subcommunity assembly. • River flow and suspended solids regulated assembly processes of rare taxa. The rare microbial biosphere provides broad ecological services and resilience to various ecosystems. Nevertheless, the biogeographical patterns and assembly processes of rare bacterioplankton communities in large rivers remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the biogeography and community assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterioplankton taxa in the Yangtze River (China) covering a distance of 4300 km. The results revealed similar spatiotemporal patterns of abundant taxa (AT) and rare taxa (RT) at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels, and analysis of similarities revealed that RT was significantly influenced by season and landform than AT. Furthermore, RT correlated with more environmental factors than AT, whereas environmental and spatial factors explained a lower proportion of community shifts in RT than in AT. The steeper distance–decay slopes in AT indicated higher spatial turnover rates of abundant subcommunities than rare subcommunities. The null model revealed that both AT and RT were mainly governed by stochastic processes. However, dispersal limitation primarily governed the AT, whereas the undominated process accounted for a higher fraction of stochastic processes in RT. River flow and suspended solids mediated the balance between the stochastic and deterministic processes in RT. The spatiotemporal dynamics and assembly processes of total taxa were more similar as AT than RT. This study provides new insights into both significant spatiotemporal dynamics and inconsistent assembly processes of AT and RT in large rivers.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta, China: assessment of mass loading, input source and environmental fate

A large-scale sampling program was conducted to simultaneously collect water samples at the eight major riverine runoff outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China to assess the importance of riverine runoff in transporting anthropogenic pollutants from terrestrial sources to the coastal ocean. The concentrations of ∑₂₁OCPs (sum of 21 OCP components) and ∑₂₀PCBs (sum of 20 PCB congeners) were 2.57-41.2 and 0.12-1.47 ng/L, respectively. Compositional distributions of DDTs suggested the possibility of new input sources in the study area, but contributions from dicofol seemed considerably low. The annual inputs of ∑₂₁OCPs and ∑₂₀PCBs were 3090 and 215 kg, with those of total HCHs and DDTs being 1110 and 1020 kg, respectively. A mass balance consideration indicated that riverine runoff is the major mode carrying OCPs from the PRD to the coastal ocean, and the majority of OCPs is further dissipated to open seas.