Properties of mortars made by uncalcined FGD gypsum-fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag composite binder

A series of novel mortars were developed from composite binder of uncalcined FGD gypsum, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) for the good utilization of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum. At a fixed ratio (20%) of GGBFS to the composite binder, keeping consistency of the mortar between 9.5 and 10.0 cm, the properties of the composite mortar were studied. The results show that higher water/binder (W/B) is required to keep the consistency when increasing the percentage of FGD gypsum. No obvious influences of the W/B and content of FGD gypsum on the bleeding of paste were observed which keeps lower than 2% under all experimental conditions tried. The highest compressive and flexural strengths (ratio is 20% FGD gypsum, 20% GGBFS and 60% FA) are 22.6 and 4.3 MPa at 28 days, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that massive ettringite crystals and C-S-H gels exist in the hydration products. At 90 days the mortars with FGD gypsum is dramatically smaller drying shrinkage (563-938 micro strain) than that without FGD gypsum (about 2250 micro strain). The release of the SO(4)(2-) from the mortar was analyzed, indicating that the dissolution of sulfate increases with FGD gypsum. The concentration of SO(4)(2-) releasing from the mortar with 10% FGD gypsum is almost equal to that obtained from the mortar without FGD gypsum. The release of SO(4)(2-) from the mortar with 20% FGD gypsum is 9200 mg·m(-2), which is lower than that from the mortar with 95% cement clinker and 5% FGD gypsum.     

聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶的合成及其对阳离子金黄染料的吸附

通过简单的水溶液聚合法成功合成了聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶复合吸附剂,并对其进行了SEM和热重分析,研究了吸附条件对该吸附剂对阳离子金黄染料吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,当硅溶胶质量分数为20%、初始染料质量浓度为60 mg/L、初始溶液pH为7、反应温度为298 K时,聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶复合吸附剂对阳离子金黄染料的吸附量为64.64 mg/g。由二级吸附动力学模型获得的活化能(Ea=2.617 kJ/mol)表明,聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶复合材料对阳离子金黄的吸附属于物理吸附,低温有利于吸附。     

基于卫星影像解译的华中地区自然景观分类与制图

依据１：１５０万中国卫星影像图并参考有关专题图件资料，通过景观组成要素分析法和专题图件对比分析法，拟定了华中地区自然景观分类系统并编制该区１：１５０万自然景观类型解译图，抽样检验表明，平均判对率达９０．５％。     

Effect of Sediment Humic Substances on Sorption of Selected Endocrine Disruptors

Characterizing sorption processes is essential to understand the environmental distribution and toxicity potential of endocrine disruptors in terrestrial and aquatic systems. The sorption behaviors of three endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)) on sediments were investigated using batch techniques. Samples were taken from some representative reaches in several major Chinese rivers. More attention has been paid to the effect of sediment organic components on the sorption of BPA, E2, and EE2. The results show that the sediment organic carbon-normalized partition coefficients (K _oc (sed)) for three endocrine disruptors are in the order of EE2 > E2 > BPA, which corresponds to the octanol-water partitioning coefficients (logK _ow) of the compounds. Moreover, the K _oc values for humic substances (K _oc (hs)) are comparable with the K _oc (sed) values and highly dependent on the physico-chemical properties of humic substances in sediments. The UV absorptivity at 272 nm (A ₂₇₂), which suggests the abundance of aromatic rings in humic substance structure, correlates well with the K _oc (hs) values. In addition, the infrared spectra of the humic substances extracted from sediments show four strong bands centered at 3,400 cm⁻¹, 1,625 cm⁻¹, 1,390 cm⁻¹, and 1,025 cm⁻¹. The K _oc (hs) values have a positive linear relation with the peak area ratio for peak at 1,025 cm⁻¹ and a negative linear relation with the peak area ratio between peaks at 1,625 cm⁻¹ and 1,025 cm⁻¹. Hence, the hydrogen bonds play a critical role to the sorption of selected endocrine disruptors.     

Impacts of algal blooms removal by chitosan-modified soils on zooplankton community in Taihu Lake, China

It is important to assess the e ect on zooplankton when perform the environmental protection or restoration technology, especially removing algal blooms, because algae were the major primary producer in algal lakes. The influence on zooplankton community after half a year of algal blooms removed by chitosan-modified soils in Taihu Lake was assessed and the rationality of carrying out the process semiannually was evaluated in the present study. Morphological composition and genetic diversity of zooplankton community were investigated by microscope checkup and polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). A total of 44 zooplankton taxa (23 protozoa, 17 rotifers, 3 copepoda and 1 cladocera) were detected by microscope checkup, and a total of 91 bands (28 bands amplified by primers F1427-GC and R1616, 63 bands amplified by primers Fung-GC and NS1) were detected by PCR-DGGE. The results of cluster analysis or detrended correspondence analysis indicated that there was no considerable di erence in morphological composition of zooplankton and DGGE profiles between experimental and control sites, and DGGE profiles could represent the biologic diversity. The study showed that zooplankton community could recover original condition after half year of algal blooms removed by chitosan-modified soils and it was acceptable to apply this process semiannually. In addition, the results revealed that PCR-DGGE could be applied to investigate the impacts of the environmental protection or restoration engineering on zooplankton community diversity.     

好/厌氧多级串联潜流人工湿地对COD的去除效果

为了调整传统潜流湿地内部溶解氧分布状态,提高其对生活污水水质净化的效率,对传统潜流湿地进行了不同区段的划分及功能强化,设计了不同结构的好氧/厌氧多级串联潜流人工湿地,研究了好氧/厌氧段比例、位置及人工曝气等因素对出水COD的影响,并与传统潜流湿地进行净化效果的比较。结果表明,传统潜流湿地对COD的去除率为70.3%,以好氧/厌氧/好氧段方式串联采用前部和后部曝气并作厌氧处理的潜流湿地(即O-A-O强化曝气组)对COD的去除率为90.1%,比传统潜流湿地提高了19.8%;O-A-O强化曝气组平均出水浓度为17.4mg/L,不曝气的O-A-O出水COD浓度基本维持在50.0～60.0mg/L;对O-A-O前部和后部曝气处理后COD的去除率分别提高了30.4%和20.8%。可见,在实验条件下O-A-O强化曝气组对COD的去除率最高,结构相同的湿地曝气处理后出水水质有显著改善,在湿地前部曝气对COD的去除效果尤为显著。     

Paper sludge as a feasible soil amendment for the immobilization of Pb^2＋

The possibility of amending Pb 2+ contaminated soil (S) with paper sludge (P) was investigated through adsorption and desorption experiments. The adsorption process of Pb 2+ in soil containing paper sludge (SP) could be well described by pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. After P addition, the equilibrium time decreased greatly (from 28 to 8 hr) and the Pb 2+ maximum adsorbed amount (Q max ) increased by a factor of more than three to 102.04 mg/g. Q max reached its maximum as...     

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm³)⁻¹, which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MS Wand the fly ash percentage in the total ash.     

Factors affecting the distribution of microplastics in soils of China

● Microplastic (MP) abundance in soil of China was highly heterogeneous. ● MP abundance was higher near large rivers and central land affected by monsoons. ● MP abundance was correlated with longitude, mulching film, and average temperature. ● Factors suitable for predicting MP pollution using models were discussed. Microplastics (MPs) are found worldwide in high abundance, posing a potential threat to ecosystems. Despite the ubiquity of MPs in the environment, very little is known about the regional distribution of MPs and underlying factors affecting this distribution in the field, which likely include human activity, but also features of the environment itself. Here, out of a total of 1157 datapoints investigated in 53 Chinese studies, 9.68% datapoints were removed as outliers in the heterogeneity analysis. This review revealed that the abundance of MPs was highly heterogeneous. In addition, microplastic (MP) distribution maps based on China demonstrated that the highest abundance of MPs tended to occur near large rivers and central land affected by the intersection of two monsoons. The model-fitting and previous studies showed that MP abundance in China was correlated with longitude, agricultural mulching film usage per capita, temperature, and precipitation. However, due to the heterogeneity of MPs and the low matching degree between the current environmental data and the sampling points, this pattern was not as evident as reported in any single study. Factors affecting the distribution of MPs can not be captured by linear relationships alone, and systematic selection of suitable environmental factors and further model optimization are needed to explore the cause of MP pollution in soil. Overall, this review revealed an uneven distribution of MPs and serves as a reference for model prediction to assess and control plastic pollution in natural soil environments.