Simultaneous monitoring of PCB profiles in the urban air of Dalian, China with active and passive samplings

The concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the urban air of Dalian, China was monitored from November 2009 to October 2010 with active high-volume sampler and semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) passive sampler. The concentration of PCBs (particle + gas) ( ∑ PCBs) ranged from 18.6 to 91.0 pg/m 3 , with an average of 50.9 pg/m 3 , and the most abundant dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) was PCB118. The WHO-TEQ values of DL-PCBs were 3.6-22.1 fg/m3 , with an average of 8.5 fg/m 3 , and PCB126 was the maximum contributor to ∑ TEQ. There was a much larger amount of PCBs in the gas phase than in the particulate phase. The dominant PCB components were lower and middle molecular weight PCBs. With increasing chlorination level, the concentration of the PCB congeners in the air decreased. The gas-particulate partitioning of PCBs was different for the four seasons. The gas- particulate partitioning coefficients (logK p ) vs. subcooled liquid vapor pressures (logP L 0 ) of PCBs had reasonable correlations for different sampling sites and seasons. The absorption mechanism contributed more to the gas-particulate partitioning process than adsorption. Correlation analysis of meteorological parameters with the concentration of PCBs was conducted using SPSS packages. The ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were important factors influencing the concentration of PCBs in the air. The distribution pattern of the congeners of PCBs and the dominant contributors to DL-PCBs and TEQ in active samples and SPMDs passive samples were similar. SPMD mainly sequestrated gas phase PCBs.     

广东省典型电子工业企业挥发性有机物排放特征研究

针对广东省电子工业进行调研与监测,分别选取了手机、相机及笔记本电脑3类典型产品的代表性企业为研究对象,利用活性炭管采样,样品经溶剂解吸后采用GC/MS分析,获得了排气筒及车间废气的VOCs含量水平及组分特征,并利用监测计算法、排放因子法及物料衡算法3种方式计算了各企业的VOCs排放量.结果表明:喷涂车间VOCs浓度范围为43.01~322.34 mg·m~(-3),调漆、供漆车间VOCs浓度范围为103~172.714 mg·m~(-3);车间中VOCs物种为8~10种,不同产品类型VOCs物种不同,但含氧VOCs的比例均超过50%.排气筒的VOCs浓度范围为48.01~155.38 mg·m~(-3),且不同产品排气筒的VOCs物种均比车间成分简单.3种方式计算的VOCs排放量不同,其中,物料衡算法计算结果最大,监测计算法计算结果最小.3类产品喷涂车间非致癌风险危害商值(HQ)在3.44×10-3~7.17之间,总危害商值之和(HI)分别为2.22×10-2、1.97及7.27.     

成矿流体地球化学界面:Ⅰ概念的由来及发展

成矿流体地球化学界面是成矿流体在运移演化过程中 ,由于成矿流体周围环境的突变、成矿流体演化的不连续性和成矿流体 -环境的相互作用结果等内外因素突变所造成的成矿作用突变部位。本文简要介绍了成矿流体地球化学界面的由来、发展、含义、组成及研究意义     

UBF-物理化学组合工艺处理Zn5-ASA医药废水的研究

采用砂滤－UBF厌氧－絮凝沉淀工艺处理高浓度Zn5-ASA医药废水。实验结果表明，对于COD为8000－10000mg/L，色度7000－9000倍的Zn5-ASA废水，加石灰乳和H2SO4预调，经砂滤柱过滤后，COD会去除20％左右；再进以聚丙烯环为填料的厌氧UBF反应器，HRT为10.57h，COD去除率达83％－89％；出水再经化学絮凝沉淀后，无色透明，COD浓度远小于1000mg/L，符合GB8978－96三级排放标准要求，且色度小于10倍。     

Picoplankton and virioplankton abundance and community structure in Pearl River Estuary and Daya Bay,South China

By using flow cytometry techniques, we investigated the abundance and composition of the heterotrophic prokaryotes, virioplankton and picophytoplankton community in the Pearl River Estuary and Daya Bay in the summer of 2012. We identified two subgroups of prokaryotes, high nucleic acid (HNA) and low nucleic acid (LNA), characterized by different nucleic acid contents. HNA abundance was significantly correlated with larger phytoplankton and Synechococcus (Syn) abundance, which suggested the important role of organic substrates released from primary producers on bacterial growth. Although LNA did not show any association with environmental variables, it was a vital component of the microbial community. In contrast to previous studies, the total virioplankton concentration had a poor relationship with nutrient availability. The positive relationship between large-sized phytoplankton abundance and the V–I population confirmed that V–I was a phytoplankton-infecting viral subgroup. Although the V–II group (bacteriophages) was dominant in the virioplankton community, it was not related with prokaryotic abundance, which indicated factors other than hosts controlling V–II abundance or the uncertainty of virus-host coupling. With respect to the picophytoplankton community, our results implied that river input exerted a strong limitation to Syn distribution in the estuary, while picoeukaryotes (Euk) were numerically less abundant and showed a quite different distribution pattern from that of Syn, and hence presented ecological properties distinct from Syn in our two studied areas.     

基于主成分分析的河流水环境质量评价研究

主成分分析是多元统计分析的一个分支,它能够在保证原始数据信息损失最小的情况下,以少数的综合变量取代原有的多维变量,简化数据结构,客观确定权重,是环境质量综合评价的一种简单易行的方法.基于主成分分析理论,建立了水质综合评价模型,以南淝河为例,选取南淝河五个监测断面的九项监测指标作为评价因子,对南淝河的水环境质量进行综合评价.结果表明,南淝河流域水环境质量总体较差,有机污染物是造成南淝河水质污染的主要原因.     

Determination of total arsenic by photo-decomposition of organoarsenic compounds and hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A method was developed for the determination of total arsenic concentration in less than ng/ml level by decomposition of organoarsenicals using photo -oxidation combined with in situ trapping of arsenic hydride on a palladium coated graphite tube with subsequent atomization and detection by AAS. The organoarsenicals include monomethylarsenic, dimethylarsenic, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, o -aminobenzenarsenate and p -aminobenzenarsenate. The method is simple and sensitive. Detection limit was obtained from different arsenic compounds over the range from 0. 058 to 0.063 ng/ml as As (based on three times of the standard deviation of 10 blank measurements) and the relative standard deviations for ten replicate measurements were from 2.0 to 3.8%. The calibration curves of arsenic compounds including inorganic and organic arsenicals were linear over the range from 0.1 to 3.0 ng/ml as As. The recommended method has been applied to the determination of total arsenic in tap and lake water samples at ng/ml leve     

Linear alkylbenzenes in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta (China) and their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments

The average concentrations of ∑LABs (sum of C₁₀-C₁₃-LABs) in runoff samples collected from the eight major riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China ranged from 1.4 to 6124 ng/L in the dissolved phase and from 0.01 to 11.4 μg/g dry weight in the particulate phase during March 2005-February 2006. The annual riverine flux of ∑LABs from the PRD to the coastal ocean was estimated at approximately 14 tons/yr. The inventories of ∑LABs in agricultural lands of Guangdong Province ranged from 313 to 1825 kg/yr. The early and late rice fields were the major sink of LABs, accounting for approximately 68% of total LABs inventory in agricultural lands. The social-economically estimated annual discharge of LABs from household detergents in the PRD was ∼696 tons/yr, more than an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from field measurements (about 14 tons/yr), which was attributed to several factors.     

有机负荷及水力条件对EGSB运行效果影响的研究

在以葡萄糖为基质长期运行的EGSB反应器中 ,研究了以循环为特征EGSB基质降解特性。结果表明 ,在厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器 (EGSB)启动初期 ,由上流式厌氧污泥床反应器 (UASB)接种的颗粒污泥存在一个转型过渡期 ,此时污泥对基质代谢有较大的恢复潜力。有机负荷为 4～ 2 9kgCOD /m3 ·d时 ,处理效果较为稳定 ,2 9～ 4 0kgCOD /m3 ·d时 ,处理效率有所下降。当负荷 >4 0kgCOD /m3 ·d后 ,反应器处理效果急剧下降。上升流速和回流比对EGSB反应器运行效果影响较大 ,高上升流速和回流比运行条件下有利于发挥反应器的运行潜能     

表面活性剂对Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9 降解苯并[a]芘的影响

研究了非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100(TX-100)和Tween80(TW-80)对苯并[a]芘的增溶特性及对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9生长的影响,结果表明,2种表面活性剂对苯并[a]芘均有良好的增溶效果,均能作为碳源和能源被菌株Bap9所利用,TX-100增溶能力和增殖能力相对更强;不同浓度的TX-100对菌株降解苯并[a]芘的影响不同,当浓度为1 000 mg/L时,对降解的促进作用最强,可将苯并[a]芘降解率提高20.8%;在苯并[a]芘降解过程中,TX-100亦能作为碳源被菌株Bap9利用,不产生二次污染,因此可用于苯并[a]芘污染环境的生物修复。