不同孔径HZSM-5协同低温等离子体催化降解甲苯性能研究

研究了HZSM-5分子筛孔径对其在等离子体场内催化降解甲苯的影响.采用化学液相沉积法对HZSM-5分子筛进行改性,利用XRD、氮气吸附脱附等方法表征样品的骨架结构和表面性质,并用择形吸附实验对样品孔径进行表征.同时,评价了HZSM-5分子筛体系中降解甲苯的性能,研究了分子筛吸附甲苯性能及臭氧的产量,并采用飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了反应产生的有机副产物.结果表明:液相沉积法成功调控了HZSM-5孔径,样品孔径随沉积剂用量增加而减小;同时,样品均具有相同的MFI骨架结构,比表面积和孔容相差不大.HZSM-5的孔径尺寸对甲苯去除率影响不大,但对碳平衡有影响,孔径越大,碳平衡越好.孔径较大的HZSM-5分子筛对甲苯具有更大的吸附速率和吸附容量,同时更多臭氧参与反应,生成·OH和O·,促进甲苯深度氧化,减少副产物,提高碳平衡.     

西安城市不同功能区街道灰尘磁学特征及环境污染分析

为了解西安城市不同功能区的环境现状,通过采集西安城市不同功能区街道灰尘的样品,进行系统的环境磁学实验分析并结合扫描电子显微镜研究表明,街道灰尘中磁性矿物含量相对较高,多畴和假单畴的低矫顽力软磁性矿物为主要的载磁矿物,还含有赤铁矿等高矫顽力的硬磁性矿物.磁化率、饱和等温剩磁、低矫顽力软磁性矿物和非磁滞剩磁磁化率与饱和等温剩磁比值等磁性参数揭示出街道灰尘的磁学特征在西安城市不同功能区的差异以及污染的主要来源,根据污染程度划分为重度污染区、中度污染区和轻度污染区并对应西安市7个城市功能区:浐灞生态区(F区)为重度污染区,磁性物质含量较高,表明环境污染相对较重,污染的主要来源为"工业+交通";高新技术产业开发区(A区)和中心商务区(B区)磁性物质含量相对较高,粗颗粒物质相对较少,是中度污染的区域,其污染源分别为"工业"和"交通";经济技术开发区(C区)、科教商业区(D区)、科教文化产业区(E区)和教育科技产业区(G区)城市主要功能具有相似性,是轻度污染的区域,污染源主要为"交通".     

Selecting Sites for Converting Farmlands to Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain are rich in biodiversity and natural resources in the northeast of China. However, this wetland area has decreased in size and deteriorated in quality owing to expanded agricultural activities since the 1950s. Converting farmlands to wetlands is necessary to improve these conditions. Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, we derived farmland productivity data and hydrology data for the Sanjiang Plain. The farmland productivity data were derived from land use and net primary productivity (NPP) data of the MODIS products. We obtained three productivity farmland classes (low, medium, and high) through the NPP anomaly percentage method. We were only concerned with the low-productivity farmland. Hydrology data were modeled with a wetness index, which was derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. Based on these two data layers, we identified and prioritized sites for the conversion of farmlands to wetlands. The areas with low farmland productivity and medium or high wetness values have potential to support the conversion of farmlands to wetlands. Potential sites were prioritized in terms of patch size and proximity to natural wetlands and water bodies. We obtained three priority classes, among which the high-priority class would be used as the areas for the recent conversion of farmlands to wetlands. The area of this class was 75,888 ha and accounted for 1.3% of the total farmland area.     

环境监测实验室常见污染及控制措施

本文分析了环境监测过程中实验室常见污染排放物。从采样、分析监测过程中如何减少实验室污染进行了探讨,并提出对策建议。     

咪唑类离子液体捕集CO_2性能的定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)研究

CO_2是主要的温室气体,大量CO_2的存在严重影响着人类的生存环境和生态平衡,而咪唑型离子液体具有独特的气体溶解性,在CO_2的捕集分离中有很好的应用前景。基于定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)原理,研究了咪唑类离子液体捕集CO_2的性能与其结构参数之间的内在定量关系。应用遗传算法获得与捕集量最为密切相关的一组描述符作为输入参数,随后,分别采用多元线性回归算法及支持向量机结合粒子群优化算法建立了咪唑类离子液体捕集CO_2的性能与其描述符之间的线性和非线性模型。多元线性回归算法得出训练集和测试集的复相关系数分别为0.765和0.814,支持向量机算法得出训练集和测试集的复相关系数分别为0.987和0.933。对预测模型进行了评价验证以及稳定性分析,结果表明,2种模型具有良好的稳定性能和预测能力。     

噪声评价量综述

介绍了噪声评价量的发展历史,分析了不同噪声评价量的优缺点,阐述了我国对噪声评价量的选择以及采用这些噪声评价量在监测中遇到的问题,提出对我国噪声监测较理想的噪声评价量。     

城镇污水处理厂污水资源化调查与分析研究

根据渭河流域关中段污染状况及《(渭河流域水污染防治三年行动方案(2012-2014年)》实际需求,采用资料搜集、实地调查、问卷发放、数理统计等方式对该流域城镇污水处理厂污水资源化企业(工程)进行了调查与分析。同时,提出了污水资源化企业(工程)存在的若干问题,并结合该流域实际情况提出了若干措施,期望能对该流域中水回用事业的健康发展提供帮助并对其隶属课题(2011KTZB 03-03-03)的基础性内容提供直接技术支持。     

放射源在中小企业使用中的安全防护研究

随着科学技术的发展,放射源已被越来越广泛地应用于中小企业的无损检测、自动控制、成份分析等生产环节中.由于政府部门加强了放射源管理,用源单位对放射源的安全与防护工作越来越重视.但是,由于中小企业在管理能力、人员技术和硬件配置等方面仍然存在不足,在放射源的使用中,还存在着不少事故隐患和亟待改进的问题,尤其是安装在生产线上的放射源的安全管理和储源库的建设等方面令人担忧.通过现场调查,发现了诸多放射源使用中存在的安全和防护问题,并着重对Ⅳ、Ⅴ类放射源应用中存在的问题和解决办法进行了分析和讨论.     

Characterization of odorous charge and photochemical reactivity of VOC emissions from a full-scale food waste treatment plant in China

Food waste treatment plants (FWTPs) are usually associated with odorous nuisance and health risks, which are partially caused by volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. This study investigated the VOC emissions from a selected full-scale FWTP in China. The feedstock used in this plant was mainly collected from local restaurants. For a year, the FWTP was closely monitored on specific days in each season. Four major indoor treatment units of the plant, including the storage room, sorting/crushing room, hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, and aerobic fermentation unit, were chosen as the monitoring locations. The highest mean concentration of total VOC emissions was observed in the aerobic fermentation unit at 21,748.2-31,283.3 μg/m³, followed by the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit at 10,798.1-23,144.4 μg/m³. The detected VOC families included biogenic compounds (oxygenated compounds, hydrocarbons, terpenes, and organosulfur compounds) and abiogenic compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons). Oxygenated compounds, particularly alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all samples. With the use of odor index analysis and principal components analysis, the hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units were clearly distinguished from the pre-treatment units, as characterized by their higher contributions to odorous nuisance. Methanthiol was the dominant odorant in the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, whereas aldehyde was the dominant odorant in the aerobic fermentation unit. Terpenes, specifically limonene, had the highest level of propylene equivalent concentration during the monitoring periods. This concentration can contribute to the increase in the atmospheric reactivity and ozone formation potential in the surrounding air.     

长江中下游中生代沉积盆地的含矿建造

本文讨论了长江中下游地区中生代沉积盆地演化与成矿作用的关系。印支旋回本区在挤压构造环境下，形成坳褶盆地和海退序列的含矿建造；早中三叠世在局限台地-萨布哈环境下形成周冲村组富铁碳酸盐、铅锌、膏（盐）等合矿建造；中三餐世与三角洲前线亚相有关的沉积环境下形成黄马青组含铜砂岩建造。南象运动是一次变格运动，其界面直接控制象山组砂岩铀矿。晚自垩世与拉伸引张构造有关，形成断陷盆地中的巨厚膏盐矿产．作者认为盆地演化及卤水流体是本区多旋回成矿作用最本质的因素。