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461.
测定了流化床垃圾焚烧炉焚烧产生的飞灰、烟尘和烟气中的2,3,7,8位氯取代二噁英同类物的含量及其毒性当量。结果表明,产生的二噁英主要存在于飞灰中,烟气中的含量很少。飞灰中二噁英总浓度和毒性当量分别为8.44ng/g和0.80ng/g,经过布袋除尘器后的烟尘和烟气中二噁英的浓度之和与毒性当量之和分别为0.34ng/m^3和0.02ng/m^3,而布袋除尘器前的烟尘和烟气中二噁英的浓度之和与毒性当量之和分别为40.78ng/m^3和3.0ng/m^3。飞灰和烟尘中2,3,7,8位氯取代二噁英同类物的分布相似,但是与烟气中2,3,7,8位氯取代二噁英同类物的分布差别较大。通过了解有毒二噁英同类物的分布,可以进一步优化流化床垃圾焚烧炉的焚烧条件,降低二噁英的排放量,减少垃圾焚烧对环境的污染。 相似文献
462.
鱼外渔场海洋生物体内重金属和多环芳烃含量水平与食用风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对2018年2月采自东海鱼外渔场的海洋生物(包括鱼类、头足类和甲壳类)体内的5种重金属(Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Cd)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的残留水平进行了测定,分析了污染物在生物体内的累积特性并计算了潜在的食用风险,并结合氮稳定同位素技术,初步探讨了生物体内重金属和PAHs的营养级传递特性。结果表明:5种重金属在生物中的平均浓度表现为CuPbCrAsCd;参照我国《食品中污染物限量》和《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》,重金属Cu、Cd和Cr均未超过食用标准,但Pb和As的超标现象较为严重。与世界其他范围海域生物体内重金属浓度相比,该渔场生物体内Cu和Pb浓度较高。∑PAHs的平均浓度为283 ng·g~(-1)dw,以低环PAHs(2~3环)占比较大,且主要贡献单体为萘(NAP),总体处于较低污染水平。海洋生物对重金属的富集能力较PAHs高,尤其对Cu的富集最为明显。但风险计算结果表明,重金属和PAHs都不会对消费者的人体健康产生明显风险。重金属Cu和Cd浓度随营养级的升高出现了稀释现象,但重金属Pb、Cr、As和PAHs的营养传递特性不明显,覆盖完整食物链的污染物营养传递特性有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
463.
山东省的灌丛资源及其保护利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
山东省的灌丛资源十分丰富,有30多个类型,主要的类型有山茶,大叶胡颓子,盐肤木、白檀,胡枝子,绣线菊,黄栌,鹅耳枥,柽柳,白腊,映山红,榛灌丛等13个。本文对这些灌丛类型的群落学特点,种类组成,地理分布及其它方面进行了论述,并对各灌丛类型提出一定的保护利用措施。 相似文献
464.
毁林与汉代居延垦区的衰落 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据历史史料,阐明了汉代居延垦区由兴旺发达到衰落的历史原因。进一步说明了乱破滥伐森林带来的恶果。开发大自然必须遵循自然规律,切不可盲目蛮干,毫无克制。 相似文献
465.
Runyao Huang Jin Xu Li Xie Hongtao Wang Xiaohang Ni 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(9):117
466.
467.
468.
湖北省旱涝灾害的若干统计特征及对农业生产的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
着重分析了湖北省40多年来旱涝灾害的若干统计特征及其对农业生产的影响,指出了旱涝灾害的演变趋势,以及人类活动对灾害加剧的主导作用,为防、抗旱涝灾害提供参考。 相似文献
469.
Picoplankton and virioplankton abundance and community structure in Pearl River Estuary and Daya Bay, South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
By using flow cytometry techniques, we investigated the abundance and composition of the heterotrophic prokaryotes, virioplankton and picophytoplankton community in the Pearl River Estuary and Daya Bay in the summer of 2012. We identified two subgroups of prokaryotes, high nucleic acid(HNA) and low nucleic acid(LNA), characterized by different nucleic acid contents. HNA abundance was significantly correlated with larger phytoplankton and Synechococcus(Syn) abundance, which suggested the important role of organic substrates released from primary producers on bacterial growth. Although LNA did not show any association with environmental variables, it was a vital component of the microbial community. In contrast to previous studies, the total virioplankton concentration had a poor relationship with nutrient availability. The positive relationship between large-sized phytoplankton abundance and the V–I population confirmed that V–I was a phytoplankton-infecting viral subgroup. Although the V–II group(bacteriophages)was dominant in the virioplankton community, it was not related with prokaryotic abundance, which indicated factors other than hosts controlling V–II abundance or the uncertainty of virus-host coupling. With respect to the picophytoplankton community,our results implied that river input exerted a strong limitation to Syn distribution in the estuary, while picoeukaryotes(Euk) were numerically less abundant and showed a quite different distribution pattern from that of Syn, and hence presented ecological properties distinct from Syn in our two studied areas. 相似文献
470.
Food waste treatment plants(FWTPs) are usually associated with odorous nuisance and health risks, which are partially caused by volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. This study investigated the VOC emissions from a selected full-scale FWTP in China. The feedstock used in this plant was mainly collected from local restaurants. For a year, the FWTP was closely monitored on specific days in each season. Four major indoor treatment units of the plant, including the storage room, sorting/crushing room, hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, and aerobic fermentation unit, were chosen as the monitoring locations.The highest mean concentration of total VOC emissions was observed in the aerobic fermentation unit at 21,748.2–31,283.3 μg/m3, followed by the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit at 10,798.1–23,144.4 μg/m3. The detected VOC families included biogenic compounds(oxygenated compounds, hydrocarbons, terpenes, and organosulfur compounds) and abiogenic compounds(aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons). Oxygenated compounds,particularly alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all samples. With the use of odor index analysis and principal components analysis, the hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units were clearly distinguished from the pre-treatment units, as characterized by their higher contributions to odorous nuisance. Methanthiol was the dominant odorant in the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, whereas aldehyde was the dominant odorant in the aerobic fermentation unit. Terpenes, specifically limonene, had the highest level of propylene equivalent concentration during the monitoring periods. This concentration can contribute to the increase in the atmospheric reactivity and ozone formation potential in the surrounding air. 相似文献