陕西省成品油供应链现状及优化建议

介绍了陕西省成品油生产、消费、流通等环节的现状,针对各环节潜在问题提出了优化建议:加强采炼销环节管理,实现采炼销动态平衡;加强配送中心建设,高效链接一次物流和二次物流环节;加强信息网络建设,高度集成各环节管理系统和油品信息资源;加强全链条环节的油气回收,建立污染排放清单。     

DECISION SUPPORT FOR ALLOCATION OF WATERSHED POLLUTION LOAD USING GREY FUZZY MULTIOBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING1

ABSTRACT: This paper uses the grey fuzzy multiobjective programming to aid in decision making for the allocation of waste load in a river system under versatile uncertainties and risks. It differs from previous studies by considering a multicriteria objective function with combined grey and fuzzy messages under a cost benefit analysis framework. Such analysis technically integrates the prior information of water quality models, water quality standards, wastewater treatment costs, and potential benefits gained via in‐stream water quality improvement. While fuzzy sets are characterized based on semantic and cognitive vagueness in decision making, grey numbers can delineate measurement errors in data collection. By employing three distinct set theoretic fuzzy operators, the synergy of grey and fuzzy implications may smoothly characterize the prescribed management complexity. With the aid of genetic algorithm in the solution procedure, the modeling outputs contribute to the development of an effective waste load allocation and reduction scheme for tributaries in this subwatershed located in the lower Tseng‐Wen River Basin, South Taiwan. Research findings indicate that the inclusion of three fuzzy set theoretic operators in decision analysis may delineate different tradeoffs in decision making due to varying changes, transformations, and movements of waste load in association with land use pattern within the watershed.     

Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of glyphosate herbicides in human liver,lung, and nerve

Glyphosate-based herbicides are broad-spectrum pesticides widely used in the world, which is considered a highly safe pesticide due to their target specificity, but recently, there has been an ongoing controversy regarding their carcinogenicity and possible side effects of glyphosate on human health. Commercial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) consist of declared active ingredient (glyphosate salts) and a number of formulants such as ethoxylated formulants (4130®, 3780^®, and A-178^®). The aim of our study is to investigate whether the toxicity of GBHs is related to formulants. The effects of GBHs on human health were studied at the cellular level based on their toxicity to liver, lungs and nerve tissue. The inhibitory toxicity to cell viability by GBHs was examined with cell-based systems using three human cell lines: HepG2, A549, and SH-SY5Y. Data obtained showed that all tested ethoxylated formulants and their mixtures with declared active ingredient glyphosate isopropylamine salt (GP) have significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, while the declared active ingredient has no significant toxicity. Our study demonstrates that the toxic effect of GBH is primarily due to the use of formulants. This result suggests that GP is relatively safe and a new approach for the assessment of toxicity should be made.     

一株无色杆菌属菌株对孔雀绿的脱色降解

从孔雀绿污染土壤中分离筛选出1株对孔雀绿染料有强脱色能力的菌株MGT3,根据其形态学特征和生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)的菌株.在振荡培养条件下对该菌株的脱色反应条件进行了研究,结果表明,MGT3菌株的最适脱色pH为7,最适脱色温度为30℃,孔雀绿初始浓度小于50 mgL-1时有最佳脱色率,在最适脱色条件下脱色8 h,孔雀绿脱色率可达到90%以上,利用薄层层析法、紫外-可见分光光度计法、高效液相色谱法对孔雀绿脱色代谢产物进行了分析,结果表明,孔雀绿在脱色过程中被降解,生成了其他代谢产物.图8表1参26     

生物填料在废水处理中的应用及研究进展

概述了废水处理中生物填料的应用现状和发展,首先介绍了常用填料,如定型固定式填料、悬挂式填料及分散型填料在废水处理中的应用,其次以亲水、生物亲和及生物亲和亲水磁性填料为代表,对新型填料在废水处理中的应用作了阐述。     

E. coli and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV,ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

The combination of low-dose ozone with ultraviolet （UV） irradiation should be an option to give benefit to disinfection and reduce drawbacks of UV and ozone disinfection. However, less is known about the disinfection performance of UV and ozone （UV/ozone） coexposure and sequential UV-followed-by-ozone （UV- ozone） and ozone-followed-by-UV （ozone-UV） expo- sures. In this study, inactivation of E. coli and bacterioph- age MS2 by UV, ozone, UV/ozone coexposure, and sequential UV-ozone and ozone-UV exposures was investigated and compared. Synergistic effects of 0.5-0.9 log kill on E. coli inactivation, including increases in the rate and efficiency, were observed after the UV/ozone coexposure at ozone concentrations as low as 0.05 mg-L-1 in ultrapure water. The coexposure with 0.02-mg.L-1 ozone did not enhance the inactivation but repressed E. coli photoreactivation. Little enhancement on E. coli inactivation was found after the sequential UV-ozone or ozone-UV exposures. The synergistic effect on MS2 inactivation was less significant after the UV/ozone coexposure, and more significant after the sequential ozone-UV and UV-ozone exposures, which was 0.2 log kill for the former and 0.8 log kill for the latter two processes, at ozone dose of 0.1 mg. t-1 and UV dose of 8.55 mJ. cm 2 in ultrapure water. The synergistic effects on disinfection were also observed in tap water. These results show that the combination of UV and low-dose ozone is a promising technology for securing microbiological quality of water.     

滤料对城镇污水曝气生物滤池工程设计及运行的影响

详细阐述了滤料的理化性质,如孔隙率、孔隙大小、亲水性、粒径、滤层高度等对曝气生物滤池运行效果的影响,在此基础上,提出了城镇污水处理中不同功能曝气生物滤池滤料的选型原则及设计参数,以期能够为规范和推广城镇污水曝气生物滤池的工程应用提供参考.     

多氯联苯污染土壤热脱附研究综述

综述了近年来国内外热脱附技术在修复多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)污染土壤方面的研究进展。温度和停留时间是影响其脱附效率的最主要因素,另外脱附效果还受土壤性质以及载气、压力等其他因素的影响。氧气存在的条件下,脱附过程中会有呋喃(polychlorinated dibenzofurans,PCDFs)生成,导致整体毒性当量增加。PCBs的物理蒸发是其主要的脱附机制,同时伴随着脱氯和降解。协同热脱附通过添加改性剂,有效促进了PCBs的去除以及降解。冷凝,除尘,吸附一系列尾气处理用来降低尾气中PCBs的含量。文章最后给出了当前国内外的应用情况以及存在问题和今后的发展方向。     

过氧化氢氧化对生物炭表面性质的改变及其对双酚A吸附的影响

本研究以H_2O_2作为氧化剂模拟生物炭在土壤中的化学老化过程,并通过其被氧化前后表面性质和对双酚A吸附能力的差异,来评估生物炭在土壤中的稳定性及其老化后与双酚A的相互作用。结果表明,经过为期7 d的氧化,H_2O_2的氧化使200℃下制备的生物炭结构片段流失,其吸附性能降低以及生物炭总量减少;而500℃下制备的生物炭虽然碳损失率较低,但由于其极性增强和芳香性减弱导致其吸附性能减弱。2种生物炭在土壤中长期暴露后都可能导致其吸附双酚A能力下降,相对于200℃下制备的生物炭,500℃下制备的生物炭老化后吸附双酚A的能力下降程度更大。