Environmental applications of poly(amic acid)-based nanomaterials

Nanoscale materials offer new possibilities for the development of novel remediation and environmental monitoring technologies. Different nanoscale materials have been exploited for preventing environmental degradation and pollutant transformation. However, the rapid self-aggregation of nanoparticles or their association with suspended solids or sediments where they could bioaccumulate supports the need for polymeric coatings to improve mobility, allows faster site cleanups and reduces remediation cost. The ideal material must be able to coordinate different nanomaterials functionalities and exhibit the potential for reusability. We hereby describe two novel environmental applications of nanostructured poly (amic acid)-based (nPAA) materials. In the first application, nPAA was used as both reductant and stabilizer during the in situ chemical reduction of chromium(vi) to chromium(iii). Results showed that Cr(vi) species were rapidly reduced within the concentration range of 10(-1) to 10(2) mM with efficiency of 99.9% at 40 °C in water samples and 90% at 40 °C in soil samples respectively. Furthermore, the presence of PdNPs on the PAA-Au electrode was found to significantly enhance the rate of reduction. In the second application, nPAA membranes were tested as filters to capture, isolate and detect nanosilver. Preliminary results demonstrate the capability of the nPAA membranes to quantitatively capture nanoparticles from suspension and quantify their abundance on the membranes. Silver nanoparticles detection at concentrations near the toxic threshold of silver was also demonstrated.     

氨法烟气脱硫工艺实验研究

利用亚硫酸铵作为吸收剂进行氨法烟气脱硫模拟实验,主要考察了吸收液进塔pH值、液气比、吸收液浓度、进口SO2浓度、进口烟气温度等主要影响因素对脱硫效率的影响,并从理论上分析了它们之间的内在关系,得出了适宜的操作条件范围。     

重庆市酸沉降污染经济损失估算

重庆市酸沉降降污染严重,为确定其造成的经济损失,经经济社会发展决策提供依据和拟订,选择满意的防治姑人群健康和农林污染危害调查,材料挂片耐蚀试验,模拟酸沉降实验等基础上,用人力资本法,市场价值法和投入产出损益比较法进行估算。     

基于线粒体Cyt b序列的雅砻江长丝裂腹鱼群体遗传结构分析

该研究测定了2018年间采集于雅砻江干流甘孜、雅江、锦屏和金河江段的4个长丝裂腹鱼野生群体共118尾个体的线粒体细胞色素Cyt b基因全序列,以评估其遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示：118条长丝裂腹鱼序列共定义了19个单倍型,29个多态位点,总群体单倍型多样性指数（Hd）为0.850 ± 0.017,核苷酸多样性指数（π）为0.003 35 ± 0.001 89,各群体Hd范围0.697 ± 0.069 ~ 0.831 ± 0.022,π范围0.000 92 ± 0.000 79 ~ 0.006 22 ± 0.003 36。中性检验结果表明,Tajima′s D 和Fu′s Fs均为显著性负值,单倍型核苷酸不配对分布呈典型单峰,表明雅砻江长丝裂腹鱼经历过种群扩张事件。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明,84.84%的分子差异来源于群体内部,15.16%的分子差异来源于群体之间。FST值统计检验表明,除甘孜群体和雅江群体之间差异不显著外,其余两两群体之间FST值统计检验均显著。根据研究所揭示的雅砻江长丝裂腹鱼种群遗传结构特征,尽管群体之间存在显著的遗传分化,但分化水平仍属于种群内分化,建议将分布在雅砻江干流的长丝裂腹鱼作为一个整体进行保护。     

环境毒理学与环境监测

环境毒理学近年来得到了较快的发展,它为制定环境卫生标准、评价环境质量、采取防治对策提供了科学依据。文章论述了环境毒理学的特点、主要研究内容;评述了当前环境监测中的某些局限性,以及环境毒理学在环境监测各个领域中的应用和进展情况。     

不同铁源对剩余污泥厌氧系统中蓝铁石生成的影响

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为研究对象,污泥经酸/碱预处理(pH=3.0/pH=10.0)后,分别以FeOOH、FeCl₃及Fe₂O₃为外加铁源,进行厌氧发酵,探究铁源对厌氧系统中蓝铁石晶体生成的影响.结果表明：FeCl₃和FeOOH可以高效地被还原为Fe²⁺,其铁还原效率(EFe)最高为56.24%～80.10%,且酸处理效果优于碱处理(3.00%～13.31%),而Fe₂O₃的EFe相对较低,最高分别为31.94%(pH=3.0)和50.1%(pH=10.0).FeOOH和Fe₂O₃的投加,可促进胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质含量的提升,增强胞外电子传递能力,但Fe₂O₃因其结晶度高,阻碍了铁还原微生物对铁源的利用,导致铁还原效率低.上清液PO₄^3-浓度、污泥Fe-P比例与EFe呈负相关,EFe越高则PO     

钴钛层柱粘土催化剂催脱除零价汞简

采用钴-钛层柱粘土催化剂,向烟气中添加HCl气体进行零价汞的催化脱除实验研究。考察了反应温度及催化剂的焙烧温度、Ti/粘土、活性组分（Co）负载量等制备条件对零价汞催化脱除效果的影响。研究表明,在HCl含量20×10^-6的模拟烟气中,焙烧温度为400℃、Ti/粘土为15 mmol/g、Co含量为5 wt%（以CoO计）的钴钛层柱粘土催化剂（Co-Ti-PILCs）在空速为1.0×10⁴ h^-1、温度为300℃时零价汞脱除效率为86.7%。     

纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的制备及表征简

在SiO₂含量为3%,pH为3,活化时间为85 min,（Al+Zn ）/Si摩尔比为1.5,Al/Zn摩尔比为2,表面活性剂硬脂酸钠加入量为0.1%,超声频率为40 Hz,超声时间为60 min的最佳制备条件下制备出液体PSAZS絮凝剂,用超声法制成纳米级Nano-PSAZS,用环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）和智能型傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）等仪器进行分析。结果表明,硅有助于絮凝剂分子链的延伸,有助于生成更大分子的聚合物;铝盐和锌盐的加入到聚硅酸中,并不是简单的混合,而是发生了缩聚和配位反应,有助于生成链网状结构,能更好地发挥吸附架桥和网捕卷扫作用。同时Nano-PSAZS陈化时间为24 h时的结构有利于絮凝效果的发挥。     

TiO2 nanotube-supported cu as the catalyst for selective NO reduction with NH3

Catalyst supports composed of titanate nanotubes were prepared from hydrothermal treatment on TiO2 nanoparticles in NaOH followed by HCl washing. The nanotubes exhibited well-defined TiO2 anatase phase after calcination at 400 degrees C. The nanotube aggregates and other commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, all with surface areas >300 m(2)/g, were impregnated with Cu and examined in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. In catalyst preparation, the nanotubes were found to be more thermally stable than nanoparticles, withstanding agglomeration at elevated temperatures. The Cu species supported on the nanotubes showed a higher catalytic activity than those supported on the nanoparticles. Analysis with temperature programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and NO adsorption reflected that the layered-titanate feature of the tube wall was advantageous for even distribution of the Cu species, thus leading to the high-catalytic activity of the tubular Cu/TiO2 catalyst.