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171.
Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention
Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former (often old) drinking water reservoirs
are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control
could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously
developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to
less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be
applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables,
which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders. 相似文献
172.
Plankton samples were collected from different parts of the Ligurian Sea during 1980 and 1983. Lead, but also cadmium, copper and zinc have been determined in these samples. The results indicate that nearshore samples display significantly higher lead concentrations (7.8 μg g?1) than offshore samples (1.9 μg g?1). 相似文献
173.
Anne-Marie?DelortEmail author Bruno?Combourieu Nicolas?Haroune 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(4):209-213
This article presents a short overview of selected recent papers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate interactions between organic pollutants and soil components such as organic matter, clays, whole soils, and sediments. First, we describe solid state cross polarisation magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) experiments as the main tools to investigate covalent bonds. Second, we report NMR approaches allowing us to assess molecule mobility and to characterise non-covalent interactions. Those approaches include correlations between K
oc
values and soil organic matter functions determined by CP-MAS, 2H NMR fingerprints, relaxation time measurements, 19F and 1H high resolution (HR)-MAS experiments. 相似文献
174.
Eleftheria Katsivela Edward R. B. Moore Nicolas Kalogerakis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):103-115
Indigenous microorganisms, enriched and isolated from refinery waste sludge, were observed to possess a broad range of metabolic activities for mixtures of several classes of substrates of petroleum hydrocarbons, such as monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n- and branched alkanes. Three of the best-growing bacterial isolates selectively enriched with these compounds were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as belonging to the genera Enterobacter and Ochrobactrum. Two of them, Enterobacter sp. strain EK3.1 and Ochrobactrum sp. strain EK6 utilise a hydrocarbon mixture of the branched alkane 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane and the PAHs acenaphthylene and acenaphthene. Enterobacter sp. strain EK4 can grow with a mixture of 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane, toluene, acenaphthylene and acenaphthene as carbon sources. Nucleic acid fingerprint analysis, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes, of the autochthonous bacterial community in contaminated soil samples showed complex and different community structures under different treatments of refinery waste sludge in landfarm areas. The characteristic peaks of the T-RFLP profiles of the individual, isolated degrading bacteria Enterobacter spp. and Ochrobactrum sp. were detected in the T-RFLP fingerprint of the bacterial community of the four months old treated landfarm soil, suggesting the enrichment of bacteria belonging to the same operational taxonomic units, as well as their importance in degrading activity. 相似文献
175.
Angéline?BertinEmail author Victor?H.?Ruíz Ricardo?Figueroa Nicolas?Gouin 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(3):225-232
Wildlife data often show spatial organization, demonstrating positive correlations either as a result of processes occurring
over the landscape or due to the influence of spatially structured environmental variables. It is, thus, essential to consider
non-random spatial structure when evaluating the underlying causes of biological variation. In this study, we analyzed the
population structure of Chilina dombeyana shell morphology of 14 populations that are close geographically and belong to the same hydrographic basin. We utilized a
variation partitioning approach to evaluate the importance of spatial processes, such as migration, acting over the landscape,
and environmental characteristics, including habitat and hydrologic characteristics, and the occurrence of aquatic predators
in promoting between population variation. Our results demonstrate spatially structured variation in C. dombeyana shell morphology, with populations living near each other having more similar shell sizes than populations living farther
apart. The shell size variation partition indicated that both spatially structured environmental factors and genetic relationships
resulting from migration or shared common ancestry may explain this pattern. Shell shape variation, in contrast, was found
to be essentially under the influence of non-spatially structured environmental factors, with habitat and water characteristics
accounting for about half of the total variation among populations. The large proportion of the variation in shell size that
is spatially structured demonstrates that spatial structure on morphological traits might be strong and highlights the need
to consider such phenomenon in intraspecific studies of phenotypic evolution. 相似文献
176.
Le Hoang-Anh Lambrechts Jonathan Ortleb Sigrun Gratiot Nicolas Deleersnijder Eric Soares-Frazão Sandra 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2020,20(4):923-951
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The accurate simulation of wetting–drying processes in floodplains and coastal zones is a challenge for hydrodynamic modelling, especially for long time... 相似文献
177.
Use of halophytes in pilot-scale horizontal flow constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael S. Fountoulakis Giorgos Daskalakis Akrivi Papadaki Nicolas Kalogerakis Thrassyvoulos Manios 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16682-16689
Recent findings encourage the use of halophytes in constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment due to their special physiological characteristics as the ability to accumulate heavy metals and salts in their tissues makes them ideal candidates for constructed wetland vegetation. In this particular study, we investigated the application of halophytic plants in a horizontal flow constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment purposes. The pilot plant which was situated in Crete (Greece) was planted with a polyculture of halophytes (Tamarix parviflora, Juncus acutus, Sarcocornia perrenis, and Limoniastrum monopetalum). The system’s performance was monitored for a period of 11 months during which it received primary treated wastewater from the local wastewater treatment plant. Results show that halophytes developed successfully in the constructed wetland and achieved organic matter and pathogen removal efficiencies comparable to those reported for reeds in previous works (63% and 1.6 log units, respectively). In addition, boron concentration in the effluent was reduced by 40% in comparison with the influent. Salinity as expressed by electrical conductivity did not change during the treatment, indicating that the accumulation of salts in the leaves is not able to overcome electrical conductivity increasing due to evapotranspiration. The results indicate an improvement in the treatment of domestic wastewater via the use of halophyte-planted CWs. 相似文献
178.
179.
Nicolas?CreusotEmail author Marie-Hélène?Dévier Hélène?Budzinski Selim?A?t-A?ssaEmail author 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(11):10349-10360
Aquatic sediments are contaminated by a wide diversity of organic pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which encompass a broad range of chemical classes having natural and anthropogenic origins. The use of in vitro bioassays is now widely accepted as an alternative method for their detection in complex samples. However, based on the diversity of EDC chemical properties, their common extraction is difficult and comprehensive validation of extraction methods for a bioanalysis purpose is still weakly documented. In this study, we compared the performance of several organic solvents, i.e., acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, heptane, dichloromethane/acetone (50:50, v/v), dichloromethane/methanol (50:50, v/v), heptane/acetone (50:50, v/v), and heptane/methanol (50:50, v/v), to extract a diversity of active chemicals from a spiked sediment matrix using pressurized liquid extraction. For this purpose, we defined a mixture of 12 EDCs with a wide range of polarity (2?<?log Kow?<?8) (i.e., estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, o,p′DDT, 4-tert-octylphenol, fenofibrate, triphenyl phosphate, clotrimazole, PCB-126, 2,3,7,8 TCDD, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene). Working concentrations of each individual compound in the mixture were determined as equipotent concentrations on the basis of the concentration-addition (CA) model applied to in vitro estrogenic, dioxin-like, and pregnane X receptor (PXR)-like activities. Extraction efficiencies based on both chemical and biological analyses were assessed in triplicate in artificial blank sediment spiked with this mixture and in natural sediment contaminated by native EDCs. In both spiked and natural sediment, MeOH/DCM yields the best recovery while heptane was the least efficient solvent. Our study provided the validation of a sediment extraction methodology for EDC bioanalysis purposes, which can be used for comprehensive environmental contamination characterization. 相似文献
180.
Nicolas Berguerand Anders Lyngfelt 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(2):169-179
Tests were made in a 10 kWth chemical-looping combustor with a petroleum coke as the solid fuel and the oxygen carrier ilmenite, an iron titanium oxide. The fuel reactor is fluidized by steam and the oxygen carrier reacts with the volatiles released as well as the gasification intermediates CO and H2. A constant fuel flow corresponding to a thermal power of 5.8 kW was introduced into the fuel reactor and a total of 11 h of operation was reached. The effects of particle circulation and carbon stripper operation on solid fuel conversion, conversion of gas from the fuel reactor and CO2 capture were investigated. The actual CO2 capture ranged between 60% and 75% while the solid fuel conversion was in the range of 66–78%. The low values of solid fuel conversion reflect loss of char due to low efficiency of the fuel reactor cyclone. The incomplete conversion of the gas from the fuel reactor is expressed as oxygen demand. The oxygen demand corresponds to the fraction of oxygen lacking to achieve full gas conversion and was typically 25%, due to presence of CH4, CO and H2 from the fuel reactor. Typical ratios of CH4, CO and H2 over the total gaseous carbon from the fuel reactor are respectively 5, 10 and 25%. Low loss of non-combustible fines from the system indicates very low attrition of the oxygen carrier. 相似文献