Research and practice on fluctuation water injection technology at low permeability coal seam

In order to solve the problem of poor affusion effect on low permeability coal seam, the paper analyzes the micro process of the coal seam water infusion in wetting coal and determines the main factors affecting coal seam water infusion. The permeability of the NO.3 coal seam in east working face of Xingcun coal mine by MTS815.03 servo-controlled rock mechanical test system has been tested. Results show that when the peak stress in coal sample specimens reaches 48.53 MPa, permeability ranges from 0.5158 to 2.9576 × 10⁻⁸ Darcy, and it means that the coal seam is low in permeability and difficult in water injection. Based on the characteristics of low permeability and geostress situation, efficient fluctuation water injection technology with permeable agent and relevant process parameters have been designed. The surface tension of the permeable agent developed here is 31.18 m N/m when mass concentration reaches 0.05%. The permeable agent can permeate into 2 cm thick coal layer completely in 10 s, thus improving the wettability of water effectively and the water injection pressure fluctuates between 7 MPa and 25 MPa. The application of the technique in the 3rd coal seam in east working face of Xingcun coal mine shows not only single-arch injection experienced a significant increase on average, from no more than 10 m³ to 63.3886 m³, but also the effect of dust fall, cooling and rock burst prevention is remarkable.     

Removal of clofibric acid from aqueous solution by polyethylenimine-modified chitosan beads

Polyethylenimine （PEI）-modified chitosan was prepared and used to remove clofibric acid （CA） from aqueous solution. PEI was chemically grafted on the porous chitosan through a crosslinking reaction, and the effects of PEI concentration and reaction time in the preparation on the adsorption of clofibric acid were optimized. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） showed that PEI macromolecules were uniformly grafted on the porous chitosan, and the analysis of pore size distribution indicated that more mesopores were formed due to the crosslinking of PEI molecules in the macropores of chitosan. The PEI-modified chitosan had fast adsorption for CA within the initial 5 h, while this adsorbent exhibited an adsorption capacity of 349 mg· g^-1 for CA at pH 5.0 according to the Langmuir fitting, higher than 213 mg· g^-1 on the porous chitosan. The CA adsorption on the PEI- modified chitosan was pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 4.0. Based on the surface charge analysis and comparison of different pharmaceu- ticals adsorption, electrostatic interaction dominated the sorption of CA on the PEI-modified chitosan. The PEI- modified chitosan has a potential application for the removal of some anionic rnicropollutants from water or wastewater.     

Assessment of organochlorine pesticide contamination in waterbirds from an agricultural region,Central China

Twenty-one organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in the muscle of six predominant waterbird species from Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, Central China. Among OCPs, DDTs were the most prevalent compounds, with average concentration ranging from 31.1 to 1445 ng/g lipid weight. Little egrets (Egretta garzetta) and Chinese pond herons (Ardeola bacchus) showed significantly higher concentrations of OCPs (p < 0.05) due to their dietary habits and migratory patterns. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for most OCPs between sex and age groups. The accumulation profiles of HCHs and DDTs suggested that these OCPs in Jianghan Plain were largely derived from historical usage. Risk assessment indicated that heptachlor could be likely to pose adverse health effects on people consuming ducks in Jianghan Plain.     

中国老年人驾车安全问题及其对策

随着中国进入老龄化社会,老年驾驶员数量将持续增加,这给交通安全带来了新的问题。为保障老年驾驶员的交通安全,在分析老年人生理和心理特征以及老年驾驶员交通事故特点的基础上,提出了适合中国国情的老年驾驶员驾车安全对策。     

反渗透膜污染预测模型的改进

在反渗透非平衡热力学模型的基础上,从膜表面污染层阻力和浓差极化阻力的角度对常见的膜通量模型进行了探讨与改进,推导出了新的反渗透膜污染预测模型,为准确预测膜污染进程提供了理论支持。采用卷式反渗透膜装置对氢氧化铁胶体溶液进行处理,对模型计算值与实测值进行相关性分析,相关系数大于0.95。由此认为,改进的反渗透膜污染预测模型可用于计算运行过程中的膜通量。     

氯气泄漏事故的案例分析及预防

通过对几起氯气泄漏事故案例的分析，指出了当前氯气等危险化学物品储存，使用，管理和事故救援中存在的普遍问题，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

炼油废水处理设施气浮池及溶气罐的改进

针对炼油废水处理设施气浮池及溶气罐中存在的问题，采取了相应的改进措施，取得了满意的效果。并从设计运行控制参数的改进以及流体力学的基础理论等方面进行了论述。     

齐齐哈尔市园林树木蛀干害虫调查及防治对策

介绍了齐齐哈尔市园林树木蛀干害虫的调查方法,通过调查结果明确了齐齐哈尔市驻干害虫的种类,并提出了防治对策。     

模糊数学法在大型炼化一体化项目清洁生产评价中的应用

目前炼化一体化项目尚无相应的清洁生产标准。采用模糊数学评价法对某1 000万吨/年炼油、100万吨/乙烯一体化项目进行了清洁生产评价,评价结果表明该项目属于国内先进水平,但仍可以在降低原料含硫量,降低能耗等方面入手提高清洁生产水平。模糊数学评价法全面地评价影响项目清洁水平的所有因素,能将比较复杂、不够确定的多因素问题转化为有数字依据的简单易行的评价模式,为炼化一体化项目清洁生产的定量考核和指标化管理提供了一个科学的评价方法。     

合芜蚌自主创新试验区实施排污权交易的法律障碍及对策分析

排污权交易制度是利用市场机制控制环境污染的有效途径。相对于传统方法,它具有以最低成本实现最优目标的优势。在经济相对发达、排污强度较大的合芜蚌自主创新试验区,尝试通过经济手段控制污染排放,意义显著。与此同时,合芜蚌自主创新试验区当前推行排污权交易还面临若干法律问题,必须有相应的完善措施。从某种意义上讲,在合芜蚌自主创新试验区实施排污权交易,就是将排污权交易纳入有关法规,为排污权交易提供法律依据和制度保障。