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201.
Dong YH Wang H An Q Ruiz X Fasola M Zhang YM 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2-3):259-268
The levels of organochlorine compounds in eggs of water birds from the colony on Tai Lake in China were studied. The eggs were collected in 2000 and belonged to the following species: 65 samples of black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), 36 samples of little egret (Egretta garzetta), 26 samples of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) from 13 clutches and 43 samples of Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) from 17 clutches. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivates (DDE and DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate were determined in the laboratory by gas chromatography. The data showed that DDE had the highest levels in all the samples, followed by beta-HCH. The mean levels of DDE among the water bird species were in the order as follows: black-crowned night heron (5464.26 ng/g, dry weight) > Chinese pond heron (2791.12 ng/g, dry weight) > little egret (1979.97 ng/g, dry weight) > cattle egret (660.11 ng/g, dry weight). DDT and its metabolites accounted for 90% of the total organochlorines, except that it was only 73% for cattle egret. The differences of the residue among the bird species were statistically significant and could be attributed to their variations in prey and habitat. Although the DDE burdens in Tai Lake were much lower than 8 microg/g (wet weight) which are thought to have significant adverse effects on black-crowned night herons, they would be expected to increase the risk of adverse effects on survival of chicks of herons and egrets, particularly black-crowned night heron, based on the critical value of 1 microg/g (wet weight) DDE. The burdens of HCHs in this study were higher and the cyclodienes were lower than those found elsewhere. 相似文献
202.
P. F. X. Corvini M. Elend J. Hollender R. Ji A. Preiss R. Vinken A. Schäffer 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,2(4):185-189
For elucidation of the metabolism of the endocrine disruptor nonylphenol by Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3, the degradation of an isomer of nonylphenol, 4(2,6-dimethyl-2-heptyl)-phenol, has been studied. As in the case of 4(3,5-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-phenol, the metabolism of this nonylphenol isomer leads to the formation of the NIH-shifted product 2(2,6-dimethyl-2-heptyl)-1,4-benzenediol (NIH: National Institute of Health), but also to the alkoxy derivative 4(2,6-dimethylheptan-2-yloxy)phenol as additional metabolite. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the formation of alkoxyphenol as a degradation product of nonylphenol. Additionally, these results provide for the first time evidence for slight differences in the biodegradation of the isomers of nonylphenol. 相似文献
203.
X.G. Lin R. Yin H.Y. Zhang J.F. Huang R.R. Chen Z.H. Cao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):119-128
A survey was done recently in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta to compare the differences of soil microbiological properties among paddy soils with different land use including continuous open-field vegetable cultivation (OFVC), plastic-greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) and traditional rice–wheat rotation (RWR). The soil types included are percolating, permeable and waterlogged paddy soils. The results indicate that the microbial flora was markedly changed as the land use changed for all the three soil types. In continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, the bacteria amounts decreased dramatically, but the fungal and actinomyce amounts increased as compared with RWR soils. The dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly in vegetable soils, especially in PGVC soils as compared with RWR soils. The microbial biomass C and the total phospholipid contents (TPL) in vegetable cultivation soil greatly decreased as compared with RWR soils. Biolog analysis indicated that the kinds of carbon sources that could be metabolized by native microbes in PGVC soils greatly decreased as compared with OFVC soils and RWR soils, revealing that microbial diversity had decreased since land use change. The activities of some soil enzymes including urease, invertase and phosphase were all lower in OFVC soils than those in RWR soils, and those in PGVC soils were the lowest. The degradation of microbiological activities in continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, as compared with RWR soils might have been caused by soil acidification and accumulation of salts due to overuse of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in vegetable cultivation. 相似文献
204.
IntroductionBeingatypicalpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs) ,benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)deservesseriousstudybecausePAHsarenowrecognizedasmajorenvironmentalpollutants .ExposuretoPaHsisvirtuallyunavoidableandisstronglysuspendedofbeingacausativefactorincertaintumo… 相似文献
205.
Distribution of atrazine in a crop-soil-groundwater system at Baiyangdian Lake area in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IntroductionAtrazine(2chloro4ethylamino6isopropylaminostriazine)isoneofthemostwidelyusedselectivepreandpostemergenceherbicidesforthecontrolofbroadleafandgrassyweeds.ThisherbicideisprimarilyusedincorncroppingsysteminNortheastandNorthofChina,andasoftentim… 相似文献
206.
Arsenic, a carcinogenic trace element, threatens not only the health of millions of humans and other living organisms, but also global sustainability. We present here, for the first time, the global industrial-age cumulative anthropogenic arsenic production and its potential accumulation and risks in the environment. In 2000, the world cumulative industrial-age anthropogenic arsenic production was 4.53 million tonnes. The world-wide coal and petroleum industries accounted for 46% of global annual gross arsenic production, and their overall contribution to industrial-age gross arsenic production was 27% in 2000. Global industrial-age anthropogenic As sources (as As cumulative production) follow the order: As mining production >As generated from coal >As generated from petroleum. The potential industrial-age anthropogenic arsenic input in world arable surface in 2000 was 2.18 mg arsenic kg–1, which is 1.2 times that in the lithosphere. The development of substitute materials for arsenic applications in the agricultural and forestry industries and controls of arsenic emissions from the coal industry may be possible strategies to significantly decrease arsenic pollution sources and dissipation rates into the environment. 相似文献
207.
Replacement of H2O2 by O2 in Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The consumption of oxygen during the degradation of aniline by Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions is studied. The effect that parameters like aniline, Fe(II) and H2O2 initial concentration, pH, temperature and O2 flow rate have on the ratio O2 consumed/H2O2 consumed is examined. The determination of those combinations of experimental conditions for which an effective partial replacement of H2O2 by O2 as electron acceptor takes place is investigated. The results show that this replacement takes place in a variable extent, but the presence of H2O2 is necessary along the reaction, and the maximum consumption of O2 only takes place when the ratio amount of aniline mineralized vs. initial aniline concentration is minimal. 相似文献
208.
209.
城镇生活污水排入水体 ,严重影响水资源的使用价值。沙漠地区因缺水 ,造成许多地方造林失败。本文提出了将城镇生活污水就近引浇防沙治沙工程林的构想 ,并从经济和环境影响两个方面详细论述了该方案的比较优势 相似文献
210.
Min H Ye YF Chen ZY Wu WX Yufeng D 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2001,36(5):581-595
This paper reports the influences of the herbicide butachlor (n-butoxymethlchloro -2', 6'-diethylacetnilide) on microbial populations, respiration, nitrogen fixation and nitrification, and on the activities of dehydrogenase and hydrogen peroxidase in paddy soil. The results showed that the number of actinomycetes declined significantly after the application of butachlor at different concentrations ranging from 5.5 microg g(-1) to 22.0 microg g(-1) dried soil, while that of bacteria and fungi increased. Fungi were easily affected by butachlor compared to the bacteria. The growth of fungi was retarded by butachlor at higher concentrations. Butachlor however, stimulated the growth of anaerobic hydrolytic fermentative bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and denitrifying bacteria. The increased concentration of butachlor applied resulted in the higher number of SRB. Butachlor inhibited the growth of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria. The effect of butachlor varied on methane-producing bacteria (MPB) at different concentrations. Butachlor at the concentration of 1.0 microg g(-1) dried soil or less than this concentration accelerated the growth of MPB, while at 22.0 microg g(-1) dried soil showed an inhibition. Butachlor enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase at increasing concentrations. The soil dehydrogenase showed the highest activity on the 16th day after application of 22.0 microg g(-1) dried soil of butachlor. The hydrogen peroxidase could be stimulated by butachlor. The soil respiration was depressed during the period from several days to more than 20 days, depending on concentrations of butachlor applied. Both the nitrogen fixation and nitrification were stimulated in the beginning but reduced greatly afterwards in paddy soil. 相似文献