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131.
Nina Vogel 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2016,18(3):361-378
In contemporary planning discourse and practice, different planning ideas co-exists. How this affects the transition towards a sustainable development is an important question for both research and practice. The aim of this study is to explore potential conflicts between planning goals caught between growth-led planning and sustainability commitments in a case study of Fredericia, Denmark. The paper discusses the underlying, framing and controlling conditions for transition dynamics. The analysis builds largely on the formulated policies, strategies or national goal achievements towards sustainable futures. These are put in the context of planning and political practices, which are interpreted from a sustainability rationale. Here this study introduces hypocrisy as a theoretical-analytical perspective to dispute actual sustainability practices to respond to continuous ambivalent planning measures. The author concludes that disregarding the inherently different internal logics of growths and sustainability leads to planning paradoxes and impedes sustainable transitions pursued. 相似文献
132.
内容依托教学(CBI)是融语言学习与内容学习为一体的教学方式。在高职商务英语专业采用CBI教学模式,以真实的商务活动为背景,使语言学习和专业技能的培养与商务实践相结合,有助于形成"懂商务、会英语"的复合型应用人才培养模式。但目前CBI的实施还面临着教师素质、教学效果以及评估体系等方面的问题,可通过培养专业师资、制定合理教学进度等方法逐步完善。 相似文献
133.
This article examines the views of scientists on intricacies of scientific knowledge that affect science–policy interface
in the Baltic Sea eutrophication governance in Finland. The analysis demonstrates that these intricacies can be divided into
five categories: (1) uncertainty of knowledge concerning ecological processes, (2) heterogeneity of knowledge, (3) societal
and political call for (certain) knowledge, (4) contingency of the knowledge that ends up taken as a baseline for decision
making and further research, and (5) linkages of knowledge production, processing, and communication to particular characteristics
of individual researchers and research societies. By explicating these aspects, this article illustrates the ways in which
scientific knowledge concerning eutrophication is human-bound and susceptible to interpretation, thus adding on to the uncertainty
of the Baltic Sea environmental governance. The aim is, then, to open up perspectives on how ambiguities related to science–policy
interface could be coped with. 相似文献
134.
135.
Louise Mair Eduardo Amorim Monira Bicalho Thomas M. Brooks Vincente Calfo Renata de T. Capellão Colin Clubbe Marianne Evju Eduardo P. Fernandez Gláucia C. Ferreira Frank Hawkins Randall R. Jiménez Lucas S. B. Jordão Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide Nicholas B. W. Macfarlane Bianca C. Mattos Pablo H. A. de Melo Lara M. Monteiro Eimear Nic Lughadha Nina Pougy Domitilla C. Raimondo Trine Hay Setsaas Xiaoli Shen Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira Bernardo B. N. Strassburg Philip J. K. McGowan 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e14046
The successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global to national level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conservation targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomic groups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global and national data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa. The STAR metric uses data on species’ extinction risk, distributions, and threats, which we obtained from national red lists to quantify the contribution that threat abatement and habitat restoration activities could make to reducing species’ extinction risk. Across all 3 countries, the greatest opportunity for reducing plant species’ extinction risk was from abating threats from agricultural activities, which could reduce species’ extinction risk by 54% in Norway, 36% in South Africa, and 29% in Brazil. Species extinction risk could be reduced by a further 21% in South Africa by abating threats from invasive species and by 21% in Brazil by abating threats from urban expansion. Even with different approaches to red-listing among countries, the STAR metric yielded informative results that identified where the greatest conservation gains could be made for species through threat-abatement and restoration activities. Quantifiably linking local taxonomic coverage and data collection to global processes with STAR would allow national target setting to align with global targets and enable state and nonstate actors to measure and report on their potential contributions to species conservation. 相似文献
136.
Many organisms face challenges in avoiding predation while searching for mates. For plants, emitting floral fragrances to advertise reproductive structures could increase the attraction of detrimental insects along with pollinators. Very few studies have experimentally evaluated the costs and benefits of fragrance emission with explicit consideration of how plant fitness is affected by both pollinators and florivores. To determine the reproductive consequences of increasing the apparency of reproductive parts, we manipulated fragrance, pollination, and florivores in the wild Texas gourd, Cucurbita pepo var. texana. With enhanced fragrance we found an increase in the attraction of florivores, rather than pollinators, and a decrease in seed production. This study is the first to demonstrate that enhanced floral fragrance can increase the attraction of detrimental florivores and decrease plant reproduction, suggesting that florivory as well as pollination has shaped the evolution of floral scent. 相似文献
137.
Herbivores affect plants through direct effects, such as tissue damage, and through indirect effects that alter species interactions. Interactions may be positive or negative, so indirect effects have the potential to enhance or lessen the net impacts of herbivores. Despite the ubiquity of these interactions, the indirect pathways are considerably less understood than the direct effects of herbivores, and multiple indirect pathways are rarely studied simultaneously. We placed herbivore effects in a comprehensive community context by studying how herbivory influences plant interactions with antagonists and mutualists both aboveground and belowground. We manipulated early-season aboveground herbivore damage to Cucumis sativus (cucumber, Cucurbitaceae) and measured interactions with subsequent aboveground herbivores, root-feeding herbivores, pollinators, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We quantified plant growth and reproduction and used an enhanced pollination treatment to determine if plants were pollen limited. Increased herbivory reduced interactions with both antagonists and mutualists. Plants with high levels of early herbivory were significantly less likely to suffer leaf damage later in the summer and tended to be less attacked by root herbivores. Herbivory also reduced pollinator visitation, likely due to fewer and smaller flowers, and reduced AMF colonization. The net effect of herbivory on plant growth and reproduction was strongly negative, but lower fruit and seed production were not due to reduced pollinator visits, because reproduction was not pollen limited. Although herbivores influenced interactions between plants and other organisms, these effects appear to be weaker than the direct negative effects of early-season tissue loss. 相似文献
138.
Wiebke C. Holtmann Meike Stumpp Magdalena A. Gutowska Stephanie Syré Nina Himmerkus Frank Melzner Markus Bleich 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2631-2645
Experimental ocean acidification leads to a shift in resource allocation and to an increased [HCO3 ?] within the perivisceral coelomic fluid (PCF) in the Baltic green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. We investigated putative mechanisms of this pH compensation reaction by evaluating epithelial barrier function and the magnitude of skeleton (stereom) dissolution. In addition, we measured ossicle growth and skeletal stability. Ussing chamber measurements revealed that the intestine formed a barrier for HCO3 ? and was selective for cation diffusion. In contrast, the peritoneal epithelium was leaky and only formed a barrier for macromolecules. The ossicles of 6 week high CO2-acclimatised sea urchins revealed minor carbonate dissolution, reduced growth but unchanged stability. On the other hand, spines dissolved more severely and were more fragile following acclimatisation to high CO2. Our results indicate that epithelia lining the PCF space contribute to its acid–base regulation. The intestine prevents HCO3 ? diffusion and thus buffer leakage. In contrast, the leaky peritoneal epithelium allows buffer generation via carbonate dissolution from the surrounding skeletal ossicles. Long-term extracellular acid–base balance must be mediated by active processes, as sea urchins can maintain relatively high extracellular [HCO3 ?]. The intestinal epithelia are good candidate tissues for this active net import of HCO3 ? into the PCF. Spines appear to be more vulnerable to ocean acidification which might significantly impact resistance to predation pressure and thus influence fitness of this keystone species. 相似文献
139.
Alexander S. Krapivin Jeanne V. Samsonova Nataliya A. Uskova Nina L. Ivanova Alexey M. Egorov 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):161-172
A range of ELISAs in indirect and direct formats for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed. Bisphenol A carboxymethyl ether (BPA-CME), (BPA-CPE) and 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid were coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (immunogens for the production of polyclonal antibodies), ovalbumin (OVA) and horseradish peroxidase. In general, the indirect assay was more sensitive and specific than the direct one. Using heterologous combinations of immunoreagents in the indirect assay allowed to increase assay sensitivity and specificity. The highest sensitivity was obtained for the antibodies produced against a conjugate of BPA-CPE with BSA and a conjugate of 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid with OVA. The detection limit of BPA in phosphate buffer was 0.03?ng?mL?1. The assay developed was also the most specific towards BPA. Maximum cross-reactivity values did not exceed 11% for 4-cumylphenol, 5% for bisphenol E and 2% for bisphenol S. Finally, the developed assay was used to analyze surface water samples spiked with known amount of BPA. The assay showed good recovery values (85–109%) for surface water with mineralization level lower than 500?mg?L?1. 相似文献
140.
Ehrich Dorothée Schmidt Niels M. Gauthier Gilles Alisauskas Ray Angerbjörn Anders Clark Karin Ecke Frauke Eide Nina E. Framstad Erik Frandsen Jay Franke Alastair Gilg Olivier Giroux Marie-Andrée Henttonen Heikki Hörnfeldt Birger Ims Rolf A. Kataev Gennadiy D. Kharitonov Sergey P. Killengreen Siw T. Krebs Charles J. Lanctot Richard B. Lecomte Nicolas Menyushina Irina E. Morris Douglas W. Morrisson Guy Oksanen Lauri Oksanen Tarja Olofsson Johan Pokrovsky Ivan G. Popov Igor Yu. Reid Donald Roth James D. Saalfeld Sarah T. Samelius Gustaf Sittler Benoit Sleptsov Sergey M. Smith Paul A. Sokolov Aleksandr A. Sokolova Natalya A. Soloviev Mikhail Y. Solovyeva Diana V. 《Ambio》2020,49(3):801-804
Ambio - In the original published article, some of the symbols in figure 1A were modified incorrectly during the typesetting and publication process. The correct version of the figure is provided... 相似文献