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201.
为了解海河水系水污染防治重点区域永定河怀来段污染特征,于2016年11月—2017年10月进行了为期一年的监测。选择6个采样点的6项监测指标,阐述河流氮、磷的时空变化特征,并采用氮磷比和对数型幂函数普适指数公式法分析水体氮、磷营养盐结构时空变化规律,评估水体富营养化程度,解析富营养化风险。结果表明:永定河怀来段水体污染较为严重,其中TN浓度超过《国家环境保护标准“十三五”发展规划》中地表水环境功能区划分Ⅲ类水体浓度限值的13.25倍,有机氨(ON)和N O 3 - -N为TN的主要存在形式;TP浓度均值为0.64 mg/L;各指标具备农业面源污染特征。水体中氮、磷时空分布特征明显:在时间尺度上,水体中氮、磷浓度呈现季节性变化规律;在空间尺度上,水体中氮、磷分布特征相似。永定河怀来段氮磷比年均值为32.78,水体浮游植物总体处于磷限制状态。平水期表现出磷为限制性营养元素,枯水期、丰水期氮磷比适合藻类大量的生长繁殖。永定河怀来段水体时空变化大多处在富营养化阶段,水体富营养化评价综合指数(EI)枯水期最大,为228.11;丰水期最小,为213.06;平水期居中,为218.30。永定河怀来段河流动力学过程良好,河流流态具有连续性,河流干流流速为0.43~1.45 m/s,远大于水华爆发的临界流量,干流大面积蓝藻水华现象的风险较低。 相似文献
202.
保护性耕作对土壤有机碳、氮储量的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以辽宁彰武县保护性耕作示范推广基地土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查和取样分析,对比研究了传统犁耕和6年免耕秸秆覆盖条件下的土壤有机碳、氮储量,为广泛评价保护性耕作的土壤碳、氮截获功能和合理选择农业耕作方式提供科学依据。研究结果表明,与犁耕相比,免耕覆盖不同程度地提高了0~5cm和5~15cm土层的有机碳、氮储量,对15cm以下土层没有影响,从而增加了0~100cm土体总的有机碳、氮储量,证明了免耕覆盖的土壤碳、氮截获功能,年均截获率分别为1.37Mg·hm-2和0.84Mg·hm-2。有机碳、氮在犁耕土壤0~30cm剖面的垂直分布较为均匀,免耕覆盖后则发生明显的分层,产生表聚现象。 相似文献
203.
204.
准好氧填埋渗滤液中氮转化机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据准好氧填埋的原理构建了填埋试验装置,在填埋装置各个层次设计采样装置.定期采集渗滤液进行分析,测定各个层次区域渗滤液中氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和总氮的质量浓度,分析各形态氮之间的变化规律与相关性,初步探讨氮转化的机理.结果表明,准好氧填埋上层区域中,渗滤液的氨氮与硝态氮质量浓度变化相关性极显著;中层和下层区域由于处于兼氧和厌氧状态,硝化作用较弱,渗滤液中氨氮与硝态氮质量浓度变化相关性不显著.上层渗滤液中氨氮与总氮相关性不显著,中层和下层氨氮与总氮相关性极显著,表明中层和下层区域中,渗滤液的氨氮质量浓度变化是导致总氮含量变化的主要贡献因素. 相似文献
205.
上覆水中磷被结合到底泥中时,不同形态磷的数量将会改变, 由此导致磷的释放能力和生物有效性被显著改变.以富营养化河道上覆水和底泥为材料,考察了静态条件下,底泥中不同形态磷的变化规律及其对磷的生物有效性的影响.结果表明, 潜在活性磷(PMP)含量显著增加,NH4Cl-P、BD-P、NaOH-nrP分别增加了297.68%、1O.73%、30.49%.难释放态磷则基本保持不变.潜在活性磷对生物有效磷的形成具有显著的影响,4种生物有效磷中的3种(WSP、Olsen-P、AAP)均与其在a<0.01水平上显著正相关,并且其对AAP形成的影响最为显著.因此推测,静态条件下,当上覆水中磷向底泥迁移时,首先会形成潜在活性磷和生物有效磷. 相似文献
206.
207.
Zinc tolerance and accumulation in Pteris vittata L. and its potential for phytoremediation of Zn- and As-contaminated soil 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A field investigation and pot experiments were conducted to determine the potential of arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata L., to remediate sites co-contaminated with zinc (Zn) and As. We found that P. vittata L. had a very high tolerance to Zn and grew normally at sites with high Zn concentrations. In addition, P. vittata L. could effectively take up Zn into its fronds, with a maximum of 737 mg kg(-1) under field conditions. In pot experiments, the accumulated Zn concentration increased significantly as the Zn treatment was raised from 0 to 2000 mg kg(-1), with a maximum Zn accumulation of 0.22 mg pot(-1). Although the concentration of As in P. vittata L. was reduced by the addition of Zn, total frond accumulation of As was elevated when the Zn treatment was increased from 0 to 1000 mg kg(-1), with a maximum As accumulation of 8.3 mg pot(-1) in the presence of 1000 mg kg(-1) Zn. The high Zn tolerance, relatively high ability to accumulate Zn, and great capacity to accumulate As under conditions of suppression by high Zn suggest that P. vittata L. could be useful for the remediation of sites co-contaminated with Zn and As. 相似文献
208.
Toxicity of copper on rice growth and accumulation of copper in rice grain in copper contaminated soil 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Pot soil experiments showed that copper (Cu) is highly toxic to rice. Rice grain yields decreased exponentially and significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels. Rice grain yield was reduced about 10% by soil Cu level of 100 mg kg(-1), about 50% by soil Cu level of 300-500 mg kg(-1) and about 90% by soil Cu concentration of 1,000 mg kg(-1). Root was more sensitive to soil Cu toxicity than other parts of rice plant at relatively lower soil Cu levels (less than 300-500 mg kg(-1)), but the growth of whole rice plant was severely inhibited at high soil Cu levels (300-500 mg kg(-1) or above). Cu concentrations in rice grain increased with soil Cu levels below 150-200 mg kg(-1), but decreased with soil Cu levels above 150-200 mg kg(-1), with peak Cu concentration at soil Cu level of 150-20 mg kg(-1). Cu was not distributed evenly in different parts of rice grain. Cu concentration in cortex (embryo) was more than 2-fold that in chaff and polished rice. More than 60% of the Cu in grain was accumulated in polished rice, about 24% in cortex (embryo), and about 12% in chaff. So, about 1/3 of the Cu in rice grain was eliminated after grain processing (chaff, cortex and embryo was removed). 相似文献
209.
硫化氢废气治理研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
综合评述了硫化氢废气的各类净化方法及最新的研究进展。硫化氢废气的净化有吸收法、吸附法、氧化法、分解法和生物法。本文对超级克劳斯法和分解法研究进展进行了重点阐述。 相似文献
210.
The kinetics of heat-assisted persulfate oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in aqueous solutions at various pH, temperature, oxidant concentration and ionic strength levels was studied. The MTBE degradation was found to follow a pseudo-first-order decay model. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of MTBE degradation by persulfate (31.5 mM) at pH 7.0 and ionic strength 0.11 M are approximately 0.13 x 10(-4), 0.48 x 10(-4), 2.4 x 10(-4) and 5.8 x 10(-4) S(-1) at 20, 30, 40 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Under the above reaction conditions, the reaction has an activation energy of 24.5 +/- 1.6 kcal/ mol and is influenced by temperature, oxidant concentration, pH and ionic strength. Raising the reaction temperature and persulfate concentration may significantly accelerate the MTBE degradation. However, increasing both pH (over the range of 2.5-11) and ionic strength (over the range of 0.11-0.53 M) will decrease the reaction rate. Reaction intermediates including tert-butyl formate, tert-butyl alcohol, acetone and methyl acetate were observed. These intermediate compounds were also degraded by persulfate under the experimental conditions. Additionally, MTBE degradation by persulfate in a groundwater was much slower than in phosphate-buffer solutions, most likely due to the presence of bicarbonate ions (radical scavengers) in the groundwater. 相似文献