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401.
402.
对脉冲变频电磁场作用下,扫描频率和磁感应强度的变化对水华鱼腥藻细胞活性和生长的影响进行了研究。结果显示,扫描频率从25~27 Hz增大到1~60 kHz时,磁场对藻细胞活性的抑制作用减小,但增大到60 kHz以上,磁场对藻细胞产生强烈抑制作用,累积水力停留时间4 min的藻样在48 h培养时间内已失去活性停止生长。扫描频率为50~100 Hz和1~60 kHz时,累积水力停留时间2 min的藻样,细胞受到磁场刺激生长加快;只有累积水力停留时间>6 min,才表现出对藻活性的抑制作用。磁感应强度增大至120 G,磁场对细胞活性产生明显抑制作用,增大磁感应强度有利于对细胞活性和生长的抑制。 相似文献
403.
室内空气污染的防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据室内空气污染物的特性,从污染源控制、法律法规、建筑管理以及其他控制措施等方面,有针对性地提出了各种室内空气污染的防治对策,从而达到改善室内环境空气质量的目的。 相似文献
404.
Occurrence and possible sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments from the Wuhan reach of the Yangtze River, China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Twenty-seven surface sediment samples were collected from the mainstream and eight tributaries of the Wuhan reach of the Yangtze River, China, in 2005, in order to assess the distribution, possible sources, and potential risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. The total concentrations of PCBs (the sum of 39 congeners) ranged from 1.2 to 45.1 ng g−1 dry weight, with a mean value of 9.2 ng g−1. Sediment samples with the highest PCB concentrations came from the tributary sites, which are closer to PCB sources. Conversely, PCB concentrations in the sediment from the mainstream sites of Yangtze River were relatively low. The observed PCB levels were higher than those found in the sediments of other rivers in China, but lower than those in river sediments from other urban areas and harbors around the world. Low-chlorinated PCBs, dominated by tetra-PCBs and penta-PCBs, were identified as being prevalent in the surface sediments. Correlation analyses between the PCBs and the geochemistry and heavy metal content of the sediments suggest that the washing of these compounds from the land into the river by floods and heavy rains, or industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, may be the major sources of the PCBs. According to established sediment quality guidelines, the risk of adverse biological effects from the levels of PCBs recorded at most of the studied sites should be insignificant, although the higher concentrations at other sites could cause acute biological damage. 相似文献
405.
406.
407.
Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm2), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO2-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm2 with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t1/2) were 0.21 min-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO2-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater. 相似文献
408.
添加葡萄糖、乙酸、草酸对红壤旱地土壤氮素矿化及反硝化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为进一步理解红壤旱地土壤中碳源与土壤氮养分之间的耦合作用机制,以华中地区典型红壤旱地土壤为研究对象,运用静态培养法,设置室内培养试验,研究了添加葡萄糖、乙酸、草酸3种碳源对红壤旱地土壤中氮素矿化及反硝化的影响.结果表明,在25℃好氧培养下,不同碳源的添加对土壤氮素转化的影响具有较大差异.具体表现为:与对照处理(CK)相比,添加葡萄糖在整个培养期间内显著地促进了土壤可溶性有机氮(DON)含量的减少(p0.01),在培养第1 d,添加葡萄糖显著地促进了氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)含量的减少(p0.01);添加乙酸也显著促进了上述过程(p0.05),但促进作用没有葡萄糖强烈;而添加草酸对上述过程的促进不显著.30 d培养结束后,葡萄糖、乙酸、草酸3种处理的DON含量分别为14.84、19.46和23.47 mg·kg~(-1),比CK处理(24.20 mg·kg~(-1))分别减少了38.68%、19.59%、3.02%;葡萄糖、乙酸、草酸3种处理的NO_3~--N含量分别为8.77、13.89和20.42 mg·kg~(-1),比CK处理(17.23 mg·kg~(-1))分别减少了49.10%、19.38%和增加了18.51%.研究表明,碳源的可利用性是促进土壤氮素矿化和反硝化的关键因素. 相似文献
409.
Electro-bioremediation is an innovative method to remedy organic-polluted soil. However, the principle of electrokinetic technology enhancing the function of microbes, especially the relationship of electric intensity and biodegradation efficiency, is poorly investigated. Petroleum was employed as a target organic pollutant at a level of 50 g/kg (mass of petroleum/mass of dry soil). A direct current power supply was used for tests with a constant direct current electric voltage (1.0 V/cm). The petroleum concentrations were measured at 3275–3285 nm after extraction using hexane, the group composition of crude oil was analyzed by column chromatography. The water content of soil was kept 25% (m/m). The results indicated the degradation process was divided into two periods: from day 1 to day 40, from day 41 to day 100. The treatment of soil with an appropriate electric field led the bacteria to have a persistent effect in the whole period of 100 days. The highest biodegradation efficiency of 45.5% was obtained after treatment with electric current and bacteria. The electric-bioremediation had a positive effect on alkane degradation. The degradation rate of alkane was 1.6 times higher in the soil exposed to electric current than that treated with bacteria for 100 days. A proper direct current could stimulate the microbial activities and accelerate the biodegradation of petroleum. There was a positive correlation between the electric intensities and the petroleum bioremediation efficiencies with a coefficient of 0.9599. 相似文献
410.
低有机碳含量表层土中Fe2O3对γ-666光解的催化作用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
考察5种低有机碳含量天然土中Fe2O3光催化降解γ-666的光解动力学,γ-666的光解符合准一级动力学方程.从所得的γ-666光解动力学常数可知,随Fe2O3质量分数从0.40%增加到5.40%,γ-666的一级光解动力学常数也增大,且两者的线性相关系数为0.952,其在5种天然土中的半衰期随Fe2O3含量的增加依次为133.3h,82.5h,44.1h,28.5h,20.4h.由此可见,低有机碳含量天然土中Fe2O3对γ-666的光解具有明显的催化作用. 相似文献