Changbing Yang  Ramn H. Trevio  Susan D. Hovorka  Jesus Delgado‐Alonso 《Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology》2015,5(6):786-801

Reactive transport modeling plays a critical role in predicting and quantifying impacts of potential CO₂ leakage into aquifers at geological carbon sequestration sites. However, a numerical approach generally requires significant computation. This study presents a semi‐analytical approach to reactive transport of CO₂ leakage into an aquifer through decoupling transport equations of reactive aqueous species with algebraic manipulation and then solving the algebraic equation sets representing the mass action law of geochemical reactions with the Newton‐Raphson method. The semi‐analytical approach was implemented in a simulation tool, SASCO₂M, and verified against a numerical approach for 2‐D synthetic cases. Verification shows that the semi‐analytical approach matched reasonably well the results simulated with the numerical approach. The semi‐analytical approach was applied to simulate pulse‐like CO₂ release tests which were used to demonstrate CO₂ leakage detection in a shallow aquifer. The semi‐analytical approach reproduced the overall trends of groundwater pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and concentrations of Ca and Br observed in the testing well. The semi‐analytical approach was further applied to assess the efficiency of a groundwater monitoring network for CO₂ leakage detection in a shallow aquifer at a CO₂‐enhanced oil recovery site. This study demonstrates that the semi‐analytical approach is simple and efficient and can be followed as a strategic procedure for assessing risks of CO₂ leakage on groundwater quality and efficiency of groundwater monitoring networks for leakage detection at geological CO₂ sequestration sites. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

    

Nicholas Nairn‐Birch  David Diez  Esa Eslami  Marc Macias Fauria  Edward A. Johnson  Frederic Paik Schoenberg 《Environmetrics》2011,22(1):79-85

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index defines the leading mode of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean. Time series analysis in both the frequency and time domains is applied to 107 years of monthly PDO index values. Simulations of a model fitted to the data are used to estimate p‐values associated with particular events observed in the raw data. The simulations are further used to estimate the distribution of various quantities, such as the length (in years) of a positive phase, or the absolute difference between the longest positive and negative phase (in years). The results show that the probability of occurrence of a negative phase surrounded by two positive phases within a 107‐year period is approximately 9.9%. The raw data's mean positive phase length is close to the simulation mean and median, while the absolute difference in maximum positive/negative phase lengths corresponds to a p‐value of 14.9%. The methodology developed in this paper can be useful to ecologists in assessing the potential ecological effects due to PDO variation, and for estimating the probabilities associated with future phases or other events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Fernando Vega  Aimaro Sanna  Benito Navarrete  M. Mercedes Maroto‐Valer  Vicente J. Corts 《Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology》2014,4(6):707-733

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies have been proposed as a promising alternative to reduce CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel power plants with post‐combustion capture. Absorption by aqueous amine‐solutions is considered the most mature and industrially developed technology for post‐combustion capture. One of the most significant issues hindering a large deployment of this technology is potential amine degradation. Amines degrade in presence of O₂, CO₂, NO_x, SO₂, and heat resulting in solvent loss, equipment corrosion and generation of volatile degradation compounds. Two types of degradation have been identified in the literature, namely oxidative and thermal degradation. A review of the amine‐based solvents, its main degradation products, the apparatus and analytical methods most widely used, as well as the mechanism proposed and kinetic studies are presented and discussed here. Moreover, amines emissions from CO₂ capture units can react in the atmosphere via photo‐oxidation and also via NO_X reactions to give nitrosamines and nitramines, which are potentially harmful to the human health and the environment. A discussion of the recent works on atmospheric degradation of amine solvents is also included in this review.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

    

Chan Wai‐Yin  Ma Shu‐Yun 《Sustainable Development》2004,12(1):15-31

Under the influence of economic growth theories, the idea of sustainable development has been revised to sustainable economic development. As a result, cultural concern has often given way to economic calculation in the course of development. This has been evident in the case of China, where economic construction has destroyed a number of invaluable heritage sites. Development in China, therefore, may not be sustainable, since the major concern of its development policy is focused on sustainable economic development rather than sustainable development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   

    

Remke M. Bras‐Klapwijk  J. Marjolijn C. Knot 《Sustainable Development》2001,9(2):109-118

This paper discusses the environmental assessment approach that has been developed and applied in the SusHouse project (Strategies towards the Sustainable Household). This project aims at developing and evaluating strategies for a sustainable development of households in the future, for three basic household activities: nutrition, shelter and clothing. The environmental assessment approach in the SusHouse project is different from traditional approaches such as life cycle assessment, due to the system‐level character and due to the focus on future developments. Examples are taken from the clothing research in the Netherlands. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   

    

Jukka Hoffrn  Eeva‐Lotta Apajalahti 《Sustainable Development》2009,17(4):233-243

Corporate environmental management is today outlined by perspectives that advocate a smooth and linear shift towards sustainable development (SD). The concept of eco‐efficiency (EE) aims to reduce use of natural resources in order to alleviate the environmental consequences from the overburdening of the environment. The business sector has been advocating for EE as a central part of its sustainability strategy since the 1990s. However, EE bypasses the exigencies of fundamental changes to avoid rapid and large‐scale environmental degradation. Consequently, EE is not to be considered as a fundamental method that would enable radical innovations and support fast and significant change towards the sustainability needed. The object of this article is to review the implementation of EE in Finnish companies in 2006. The practical implementation of EE has been slow. Our survey shows that in Finland the breakthrough in environmental awareness in companies is yet to come. Environmentalism or SD is not an issue to over 50 per cent of publicly listed large or medium‐size companies. Generally, the implementation of SD has been insufficient or non‐existent. The situation is even worse with the concept of EE; the share of companies that have adopted the EE approach is only about 10 per cent, which is a remarkably low figure. This indicates that the interconnection between economic and environmental interaction is still totally neglected in a vast majority of large companies. There is a urgent need to foster EE implementation, target setting and practical EE management tools among companies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   

    

Lee‐Anne Broadhead  Sean Howard 《Sustainable Development》2011,19(5):301-311

This article engages with the concept of sustainable science as articulated by those eager to address and correct environmentally destructive tendencies in western scientific theory and practice. We first reflect on the widespread resistance among western scientists to accord the designation of ‘science’ to other cultural enterprises of inquiry. Focusing on the example of Native American approaches to nature and knowledge, we caution that this pervasive sense of superiority has blocked recognition of reasonable paths to a new science even amongst those eager to incorporate elements of Indigenous thinking into their worldviews. Finally, we argue that the explorations of the natural world as found in Indigenous science can be seen to represent an alternative mode of rigorous, systematic inquiry – a ‘full‐spectrum’ approach – demonstrating the practical potential for truly sustainable science. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   

    

Timothy Ka‐ying Wong  Po‐san Wan 《Sustainable Development》2011,19(4):235-249

Environmental concern is a precursor to behavioural change. This article draws upon data from two surveys conducted in 2000 and 2008 to examine the development of environmental concern in Hong Kong and its major determinants. It finds that Hong Kong people have consistently shown a high level of environmental concern in terms of both their perception of the seriousness of environmental problems and their assessment of how these problems will develop in the future. In line with previous findings, our study confirms that environmental concern is affected by a combination of positional, individual and institutional factors, including gender, education, pro‐environmental beliefs, especially concern for environmental damage, and the government's performance in environmental protection. Among these factors, government performance is shown to be of crucial importance. Implications for sustainable development are highlighted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   

    

Daphne Ngar‐yin Mah  Peter Hills 《Sustainable Development》2012,20(2):85-97

Wind power is potentially a key energy option that can assist China in meeting its sustainability goals but at present plays only a limited role in the country's energy system. Wind resource assessment (WRA) has been identified as a key impediment to the further development of this energy source. This paper examines whether collaborative governance can help to improve WRA in China, and if so through what mechanisms. Collaborative initiatives involving WRA in two Chinese provinces, Xinjiang and Guangdong, are reviewed. This suggests that, while the central government has an important role to play, there are many opportunities for locally based collaborative initiatives to function as an alternative, complementary approach to facilitate WRA. Contextual elements such as local resources (including leadership and local knowledge) and governance structures (such as social networks) are identified as key conditions facilitating collaboration. The paper concludes that a broader perspective placing more emphasis beyond the central government in capacity building for WRA is required to enhance the prospects for the transition to a more sustainable energy system in China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   

    

Isabel Gallego‐lvarez 《Sustainable Development》2012,20(4):276-292

The objectives of this research are (i) to determine sustainable development indicators, (ii) to develop the indicator corresponding to greenhouse gas emissions according to EC2 financial implications due to climate change, and (iii) to analyze how certain variables affect this sustainability indicator. The sample used comprises firms from different countries and industries. The activity sectors selected to undertake this research are consistent with those established in the Green Paper on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading within the European Union from 2000 and in the Kyoto Protocol. Our findings show that analyzing indicators deriving from the proposals of the EC2 financial implications due to climate change, allows us to observe the effects of factors that explain the voluntary disclosure of environmental information. More specifically, our results point to a direct relationship between companies which have their headquarters in countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, size, environmental performance and the disclosure of information the indicators proposed for greenhouse gas emissions based on the proposals of the EC2 financial implications due to climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献