Investigations on simultaneous determination of silverand mercury in catalytic-ligand substitutionreaction with stopped - flow techniquecalibrated by synergistic effect

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Chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis in wales using DNA probes—5 years' experience

Chorionic villi were sampled from 125 women who requested prenatal diagnosis, either for genetic disorders or because of advanced maternal age. Of these, 105 samples were obtained by the transcervical route and 20 were obtained by the transabdominal approach. The sampling success rate was 97 per cent (122/125). The mean maternal age of the patients was 31 years (range 17–44) and the mean gestational age at which the chorionic villus sampling was performed was 10 weeks (range 7–13 weeks). Seventy-four of these diagnoses involved the use of DNA markers. The minimal size of the sample used for DNA diagnosis was 5 mg. Maternal contamination was detected in two samples. A diagnosis was provided on all but two samples. The fetal loss rate was high initially but fell to 1·9 per cent in 1988.     

底泥中氮杂多环芳烃及硝基多环芳烃的分离与鉴定

本文报道了毛细管柱色谱质谱联用及选择离子检测方法分析鉴定北京东南郊排污河底泥样品中氮杂芳烃及硝基多环芳烃的实验结果.研究了十二种标样的EI谱.样品中鉴定出25种含氮多环芳烃,检测出底泥样品中含有硝基多环芳烃.并讨论了实验结果.     

高镍杂铜低温生产电解铜粉试验

用杂铜电解生产铜粉时，电解液的温度一般可控制在２０￣６０℃。本文介绍了在３０℃较低温度和６００￣１２００Ａ／ｍ＾２的较低电流密度下，用杂铜电解生产铜粉的试验过程。试验结果表明：低温和低铜离子浓度对生产细粒铜粉有利，而料低电流密度在保证铜粉粒度的情况下，对节约电能有利。     

长江流域生态环境保护与水灾防治

长期以来，洪水威胁着长江流域人民的生命安全，根治水患已是当务之急。而生态环境的破坏是造成水灾的最重要的因素。在探讨生态恶化与水灾的关系之后，提出只有保护生态环境才能从根本上战胜水患的观点，而保护生态环境应走可持续发展的道路。针对水灾防治和生态保护提出了一系列的措施，包括：封山育林、退耕还湖、控制污染物排放、发展生态旅游、西水北调、控制人口与移民等。     

城市污水的混凝处理及混凝污泥厌氧消化研究

采用聚合氯化铝与有机高分子絮凝剂复合投加的方法,对上海市闵行污水处理厂曝气沉砂池出水进行一级强化处理,研究了其对浊度、COD的去除效果,确定最佳投药量。在确定最佳投药量后,对混凝所产生污泥进行厌氧消化的可行性研究。结果表明:(1)有机絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝复合投加的强化效果明显优于单独投加聚合氯化铝;同时,聚合氯化铝与阳离子型有机絮凝剂复合投加的效果要优于阴离子型,并且可以进一步降低聚合氯化铝的投加量;使用聚合氯化铝与两性型有机絮凝剂复合投加也取得了较为满意的效果,与使用阳离子型有机絮凝剂的效果接近。(2)综合考虑COD、浊度和药剂投加量,当聚合氯化铝投量为30mg/L、阳离子型有机絮凝剂KP1205E投加量为2mg/L时,取得比较理想的效果。(3)被处理水的水质变化对化学一级强化的处理效果有很大影响,被处理水中溶解性的有机物组分越高,处理效果相应越差。(4)采用厌氧消化对混凝污泥进行处理,在投配比为5%时,单位VSS的产气量最大,达到0.76L/g,污泥的可消化性较好。     

受内压厚壁圆筒的弹塑性有限元分析及其在焊管管端定径工艺中的应用

此文用自行编制的弹塑性有限元程序对承受内压的厚壁圆筒进行了分析,考虑了材料的应变强化,分析了小变形情况下达到塑性极限点以后内压与径向位移之间的关系。并将其应用于焊管管端定径工艺分析中,得出了主要工艺参数。     

Assessing outdoor air quality vertically in an urban street canyon and its response to microclimatic factors

The vertical distribution of air pollutants in urban street canyons is closely related to residents’ health. However, the vertical air quality in urban street canyons has rarely been assessed using field observations obtained throughout the year. Therefore, this study investigated the seasonal and annual concentrations of particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, air quality index, and their responses to microclimatic factors at three height levels (1.5, 27, and 69 m above street level) in an urban street canyon. The PM concentration was higher at 27 m than at 1.5 m in winter, whereas the situation was reversed in other seasons. It was found that photochemical pollutants such as NO₂ and O₃ were the primary pollutants in the urban street canyon. The days on which O₃ was the primary pollutant at the height of 1.5 m accounted for 81.07% of the entire year. The days on which NO₂ was the primary pollutant at the height of 27 and 69 m accounted for 82.49% and 72.33% of the entire year, respectively. Substantially higher concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ were found at the height of 27 m than at 69 m. In-canyon concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ were strongly correlated with air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction, which played important roles in photochemical reactions and pollutant dispersion.