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排序方式: 共有138条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Kaye Nigel B. Robinson Dylan M. Akhter Romana Ahsanullah Md Safwan Jordan TaJon A. Martinez Oscar E. 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2022,22(4):763-787
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Buoyant turbulent plumes are often categorized by their geometry and described as either round plumes, issuing from a point source, or line/planar plumes, issuing... 相似文献
62.
Teodoro Filipe Simões Soares Liliane Catone Filgueiras Jefferson Gonçalves de Azevedo Eduardo Ribeiro Patiño-Agudelo Álvaro Javier Adarme Oscar Fernando Herrera da Silva Luis Henrique Mendes Gurgel Leandro Vinícius Alves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(18):26425-26448
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A new one-pot synthesis method optimized by a 23 experimental design was developed to prepare a biosorbent, sugarcane bagasse cellulose succinate... 相似文献
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Hydrological classification constitutes the first step of a new holistic framework for developing regional environmental flow
criteria: the “Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA)”. The aim of this study was to develop a classification
for 390 stream sections of the Segura River Basin based on 73 hydrological indices that characterize their natural flow regimes.
The hydrological indices were calculated with 25 years of natural monthly flows (1980/81–2005/06) derived from a rainfall-runoff
model developed by the Spanish Ministry of Environment and Public Works. These indices included, at a monthly or annual basis,
measures of duration of droughts and central tendency and dispersion of flow magnitude (average, low and high flow conditions).
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated high redundancy among most hydrological indices, as well as two gradients: flow
magnitude for mainstream rivers and temporal variability for tributary streams. A classification with eight flow-regime classes
was chosen as the most easily interpretable in the Segura River Basin, which was supported by ANOSIM analyses. These classes
can be simplified in 4 broader groups, with different seasonal discharge pattern: large rivers, perennial stable streams,
perennial seasonal streams and intermittent and ephemeral streams. They showed a high degree of spatial cohesion, following a gradient associated with climatic aridity from NW to SE, and were
well defined in terms of the fundamental variables in Mediterranean streams: magnitude and temporal variability of flows.
Therefore, this classification is a fundamental tool to support water management and planning in the Segura River Basin. Future
research will allow us to study the flow alteration-ecological response relationship for each river type, and set the basis
to design scientifically credible environmental flows following the ELOHA framework. 相似文献
66.
van der Salm C Dupas R Grant R Heckrath G lversen BV Kronvang B Levi C Rubaek G Schoumans OF 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(5):1617-1626
To reduce losses from agricultural soils to surface water, mitigation options have to be implemented as a local scale. For a cost-effective implementation of these measures, an instrument to identify critical areas for P leaching is indispensable. In many countries, P-index methods are used to identify areas as risk for P losses to surface water. In flat areas, where losses by leaching are dominant, these methods have their limitations because leaching is often not described in detail, PLEASE, is a simple mechanistic model designed to stimulate P Losses by leaching at the field scale using a limited amount of local field data. In this study, PLEASE, was applied to 17 lowland sites in Denmark and 14 lowland sites in the Netherlands. Results show that the simple model simulated measured fluxes and concentrations in water from pipe drains, suction cups, and groundwater quite well. The modeling efficiency ranged from 0.92 for modeling total-P fluxes to 0.36 fr modeling concentrations in groundwater. Poor results were obtained for heavy clay soils and eutrophic peat soils, where fluxes and concentration were strongly underestimated by the model. The poot performance for the heavy clay soil can be explained by the transport of P through macropores to the drain pipes and the underestimation of overland flow on this heavy-textured soil. In the eutrophic peat soils, fluxes were underestimated due to the release of P from deep soil layers. 相似文献
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Oscar Fisch 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1975,2(1):18-33
In this paper, we introduce external diseconomies into the standard model of urban land rent via the case of air pollution, exploring the implications of law making on the urban structure. Three alternative legal arrangements of air pollution damage costs are analyzed: first, the recipient bears the cost; second, the producer bears the cost; and third, the compulsory use of emission control systems in the car. 相似文献
68.
Bias in protected‐area location and its effects on long‐term aspirations of biodiversity conventions 下载免费PDF全文
Oscar Venter Ainhoa Magrach Nick Outram Carissa Joy Klein Hugh P. Possingham Moreno Di Marco James E.M. Watson 《Conservation biology》2018,32(1):127-134
To contribute to the aspirations of recent international biodiversity conventions, protected areas (PAs) must be strategically located and not simply established on economically marginal lands as they have in the past. With refined international commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity to target protected areas in places of “importance to biodiversity,” perhaps they may now be. We analyzed location biases in PAs globally over historic (pre‐2004) and recent periods. Specifically, we examined whether the location of protected areas are more closely associated with high concentrations of threatened vertebrate species or with areas of low agricultural opportunity costs. We found that both old and new protected areas did not target places with high concentrations of threatened vertebrate species. Instead, they appeared to be established in locations that minimize conflict with agriculturally suitable lands. This entrenchment of past trends has substantial implications for the contributions these protected areas are making to international commitments to conserve biodiversity. If protected‐area growth from 2004 to 2014 had strategically targeted unrepresented threatened vertebrates, >30 times more species (3086 or 2553 potential vs. 85 actual new species represented) would have been protected for the same area or the same cost as the actual expansion. With the land available for conservation declining, nations must urgently focus new protection on places that provide for the conservation outcomes outlined in international treaties. 相似文献
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Christopher J. O'Bryan Stephen T. Garnett Julia E. Fa Ian Leiper Jose A. Rehbein Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares Micha V. Jackson Harry D. Jonas Eduardo S. Brondizio Neil D. Burgess Catherine J. Robinson Kerstin K. Zander Zsolt Molnár Oscar Venter James E. M. Watson 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):1002-1008
Indigenous Peoples’ lands cover over one-quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial-level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long-term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species’ AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples’ lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples’ lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples’ lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide. 相似文献
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