煤矿区表层土壤中芳香烃组成、分布特征及标志化合物研究

采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物.     

Variation in the development of cadmium resistance in Daphnia magna straus; effect of temperature, nutrition, age and genotype

The extent to which responses to toxicants can be modified by the environment and genotype of Daphnia magna is important for interpreting the results from ecotoxicity tests. Variation in the development of cadmium resistance and its relevance for survivorship has been investigated in two genetically distinct clones of D. magna. Cadmium resistance was induced by pre-exposing daphnids to a sublethal concentration of a Cd/Zn mixture and thereafter cadmium tolerance was assessed in standard acute tests. The results showed that the ability to develop cadmium resistance is affected by temperature, but there is no consistent pattern for maternal nutrition. The age of the daphnids had no apparent effect on the development of cadmium resistance. Differences in the induction of cadmium resistance between clones were seen only under resource depression.     

Famine forecasting; Prices and peasant behaviour in Northern Ethiopia

This paper, completed in January 1984, begins by briefly outlining the contrasting views of price behaviour during the last Ethiopian famine (1972–1974) put forward by Seaman and Holt (1980) and Sen (1981). A hypothesis is developed to account for peasant behaviour and price responses under developing famine conditions. This is then tested with data recently made available. The paper concludes by summarizing the findings and their implications for famine forecasting, and argues that famine conditions in Northern Ethiopia are likely to worsen during 1984.     

北京城区危险化学品运输安全管理现状与对策措施

近年来,随着化学工业的迅速发展,中国已经成为化学品生产和消费的大国,化学品运输品种、数量与日俱增。由于危险化学品本身就具有危险性,在运输过程中处于运动状态,更增加了其危险程度和造成事故的几率,加上危险化学品运输的安全管理与具体作业中存在一些问题,使得危险化学品运输成为一种高风险作业。本文结合北京城区特点,着重探讨危险化学品陆路运输的安全性及其安全管理,并就北京市城区目前危险化学品运输实际情况和安全管理存在的问题,提出一些相应的对策措施。     

受污染水环境的修复技术

中国属于用水紧张的国家，又由于人口的增加，经济建设的发展，水环境受到了不同程度的污染，加重了水资源危机，受污染水环境的修复变得日趋紧迫。中论述了受污染水环境的现状及其修复原理和技术。     

水危机与生态环境保护

本文对水危机及全球水源状况进行了分析，为保护人类水资源与生态环境进行了有益的探索。