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521.
Relationships between stem diameter and phytomass of trees and their parts (single- and multistemmed growth forms) have been studied at different altitudinal levels of the present-day upper treeline ecotone on the Iremel’ Massif, the Southern Urals. The time course of changes in the structure and phytomass of birch–spruce stands during the past centuries has been reconstructed. It is shown that the expansion of forests to the mountains in this period has occurred against the background of rise in summer and winter temperatures and increase in the amount of solid precipitation in the Southern Urals. 相似文献
522.
L. P. Agulova N. S. Moskvitina N. P. Bol’shakova L. B. Kravchenko N. V. Ivanova V. N. Romanenko 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(5):460-466
The dynamics and correlations of ecophysiological parameters have been studied in two spatially separated multispecies communities of murine rodents and ixodid tick larvae and nymphs that parasitize them. It has been shown that all the processes under consideration have nonstationary, oscillatory dynamics. The long-term dynamics of connectivity of ecophysiological characteristics within communities and their synchronization by weather–climatic factors are, by nature, wavelike processes of transitions between the states with stronger and weaker linkage between parameters, which, along with nonstationarity, can contribute to the maintenance of stability and integrity of communities. 相似文献
523.
524.
David A. P. Paterson Winifred Ijomah James F. C. Windmill 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2016,9(2):130-140
While many studies and reviews into the practices conducted by industry and academia to recycle and remanufacture carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) exist, to date no investigation exists which regards the correctness of the use of the terms recycling and remanufacturing. As such, this paper seeks to analyse the CFRP reuse industry’s attempt to recycle and remanufacture manufacturing waste CFRP and end-of-life (EOL) CFRP with an emphasis on the terminology used to describe these practices. Firstly, this paper presents a justification of the importance of using EOL terminology correctly; outlining the benefits and problems associated with using the correct and incorrect terminology. This paper finds that in the case of CFRP remanufacturing, terminology is being applied incorrectly and in the case of CFRP recycling, particular care should be taken when applying the term recycled to CFRP or stating that CFRP has been recycled. Further, this paper proposes new terminology (in keeping with EU directives) which could be adopted by industry and academia working in this area. This paper also finds that in the case of remanufacture, CFRP is incapable of being remanufactured. 相似文献
525.
526.
P. A. Zadubrovskiy I. V. Zadubrovskaya M. A. Potapov O. F. Potapova V. I. Evsikov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(1):82-87
Demographic structure and its seasonal dynamics have been studied in colonies of narrow-skulled voles (Lasiopodomys gregalis Pall.) in Northern Kulunda. Three types of colonies have been distinguished: (I) true colonies (large, complex families), (II) simple families (nuclear or incomplete), and (III) all-male colonies. Changes in their sex, age, and functional composition (based on animal migration activity) during the breeding season have been analyzed. 相似文献
527.
528.
Thomas H. Hutchinson Amanda Beesley Patricia E. Frickers James W. Readman Jenny P. Shaw Jürg Oliver Straub 《Environment international》2009,35(6):931-936
In case of an avian-influenza-derived human flu pandemic, an inordinately high use of medicines over several weeks is predicted, in particular for the recommended influenza antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu). While the risk of oseltamivir to sewage works and freshwater bodies has already been assessed, the fact that a large percentage of the human population worldwide lives relatively close to the sea raises concern for its environmental compatibility in coastal marine waters. The potential risk of high oseltamivir use to the marine compartment is assessed in this publication, based on the 2003 European Community Technical Guidance Document (TGD) for risk assessment. Subchronic embryo–larval ecotoxicity tests with three marine invertebrates (Pomatoceros triqueter, Annelida; Mytilus edulis, Mollusca; Paracentrotus lividus, Echinodermata) and chronic growth inhibition tests with two different groups of marine microalgae (Isochrysis galbana, Haptophyta; Skeletonema costatum, Heterokontophyta) were performed with the active substance oseltamivir carboxylic acid to derive a dependable marine predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). This was compared to a predicted environmental concentration (PEC) for oseltamivir in coastal waters, based on the worst-case freshwater PEC. The PEC/PNEC risk characterisation ratio for the marine compartment is well below 1, which in the terminology of the TGD signifies no immediate concern. Further, while oseltamivir may be persistent (P), it is not bioaccumulative (B) nor highly ecotoxic (T) and therefore not a PBT substance. In conclusion, even a high pandemic use of oseltamivir would not lead to a significant risk for the marine compartment, in confirmation of the risk assessment for sewage works and freshwaters. 相似文献
529.
The study focuses on evaluating factors that farmers consider relevant in adopting cassava production in five semi-arid zone
of West African countries. The study is based on primary data randomly collected as part of collaborative study of cassava
in semiarid zones of Africa (COSCASSA) village level survey from five West African countries namely: Nigeria, Ghana, Chad,
Niger and Burkina Faso. This study models effects of farm, farmer and technology specific factors on the decision of semi
arid farmers to adopt cassava into their farming system. By way of threshold decision models—Probit and Logit models, the
estimation of each country and the pooled data adoption models reveal different adoption models for the countries considered.
For each country, different variables appeared as major adoption shifters. Comparatively, the adoption models for Nigeria
and whole region appear to have the highest significance variables, being seven in number. This is followed by Chad (6), Ghana
(4), and Burkina Faso and Niger with three each. For the variables considered, distance to nearby urban market appears a major
adoption shifter in all the country, except for Niger. This is closely followed by contact with extension, variety, pest/disease
resistance and livestock feeds, which appear significant in four of the countries. Membership of cooperative societies appears
as the least adoption predictor, which is only significant in Chad republic. The study therefore recognizes the importance
of varietial characteristics and farmers’ characteristics in acceptance of cassava as a major root tuber crop in the semi
arid region of West Africa.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
530.
J. R. Park M. J. Stabler P. J. Jones S. R. Mortimer J. R. Tiffin R. B. Tranter 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):735-750
The issue of the sustainable development of rural economies in England has recently received considerable attention. This
is because many of the poorest areas in the country are rural, often of high environmental quality, but suffering from high
unemployment and a lack of services and facilities. The rapid decline in agricultural incomes and in-migration of affluent
urban workers since 1990 has exacerbated economic inequality in such areas. A number of factors have the potential to drive
rural development and this paper applies, and considers, the feasibility of a method from the USA for combining economic and
environmental variables in a regional growth model to examine the hypothesis that environmental quality is an important determinant
of sustainable rural development in England. The model output suggests that, although environmental quality does play a role
in sustainable rural development in England there are other, more important, factors driving development. These include business
and communications infra-structure, the degree and opportunities for commuting and underlying employment prospects. The robustness
and limitations of the method for combining economic and environmental variables is discussed in relation to the spatial interrelatedness
of Local Authority Districts in England, and conclusions are drawn about areas for refinement and improvement of the method.
相似文献
J. R. ParkEmail: |