A method to extract algae toxin of microcystin-LR

A simple and low-cost method to obtain cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR(MC-LR) was developed. A new strain of Microcystis aeruginosa,named DC-1, producing microcystin-LR but not microcystin-RR, was separated from the field blooming algae samples of Dianchi Lake.in southwest of China. Following three times‘freeze and thaw treatment, the cultivated DC-cells were extracted with 40% methanol in water.The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant applied to a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance(HLB) SPE cartridge.Eluted impuries with a certain gradient from 30% to 50% methanol in water, MC-LR was finally eluted from the HLB cartridge with 60%.may be used in adsorption and biodegradation experiments instead of using expensive standard reagents.     

高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤砷的分布特征探究

通过对贵州兴仁县交乐村高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤总砷的分布特征进行研究。文章对土壤总砷、pH值及有机质含量进行了分析,结果表明,污灌区土壤砷的含量最高达237.55mg/kg,最低为24.20mg/kg,平均As含量为85.62mg/kg,均高于世界、中国及贵州黄壤中的平均水平;pH平均值为5.12,属酸性土壤;有机质含量普遍偏高;高砷煤矿废水灌溉导致了灌区土壤中砷的累积。灌溉方式影响了土壤中砷的迁移与分布情况,土壤中砷的含量,随着与灌溉水源距离的增加而急剧降低。研究区土壤中砷的迁移较缓慢,但有向下游逐渐扩散的趋势。土壤总砷含量受到了pH值和有机质影响,但与两者的相关性并不明显。     

块石空间定向性对土石混合体力学性质的影响

土石混合体作为一种土和石的特殊混合体,其宏观变形破坏及力学性质与块石的空间定向性密切相关。为了研究块石定向性对土石混合体变形破坏机理的影响,采用二维颗粒流软件中FISH语言编写算法生成不同角度的椭圆形块石,建立土石混合体二维颗粒流数值模型,分别进行了单块石和多块石条件下土石混合体双轴试验数值模拟,对其变形破坏机理进行了深入分析。结果表明:块石角度不同时,土体中裂纹萌生位置不同;随着块石短轴方向与最大主压力轴夹角增大,土石混合体黏聚力先减小后增加,内摩擦逐渐减小;在应力峰值前的应力平缓增长阶段,土体中裂纹迅速增长,在试样强度达到峰值后进入残余强度阶段,裂纹的增速也逐渐降低;块石角度不同时,土石混合体的剪切带破坏形式不同。     

基于CFD-CAA技术某封闭靶场内噪声特性数值模拟

目的 预测某封闭靶场排烟室与射击室内的射击噪声特性,为排烟室降噪与射击孔隔音方案设计提供参考。方法 在比测室外射击噪声试验数据,保证仿真精度的前提下,采用CFD-CAA耦合算法,对9 mm手枪射击时特定封闭靶场内的射击噪声进行数值计算。首先使用Realizablek-?模型,结合动网格技术,对封闭靶场内射击时的膛口流场进行数值计算。然后开启FW-H声学计算模型,计算各监测点声学数据。结果封闭靶场内射击时,排烟室内各监测点噪声声压级较室外射击时均有增强,增强效果在20°方位角监测点尤为明显,最大增强2.682 dB。结论 与室外射击相比,在封闭靶场内射击时,排烟室内射击噪声的峰值声压级较大,混响时间加长,应针对性选择吸音方案,降低混响时间。射击室射手人耳处噪声声压级接近安全阈值,应改进射击孔隔音方案,降低人耳处直达声。     

由53起较大以上事故探讨农产品加工企业风险特征

系统检索并整理了自2001年以来,我国发生在农产品加工行业的53起较大以上事故,从事故类型、企业产品类型、承包商、施救不当和年度事故分布等角度对这些事故进行分析。结果表明,农产品加工企业事故风险具有一定的行业特点,主要表现在中毒窒息事故比较多,因施救不当而导致事故扩大的问题比较突出;粮食和酒精、养殖、饲料和腌渍制品企业风险相对较高。分析结果对指导企业如何防止较大以上事故具有重要的指导意义。     

彗星试验技术在水生与土壤环境中的毒理学应用

彗星试验是一种检测真核细胞脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)损伤的技术,快速、低成本、适用于几乎所有真核细胞,因此常应用于遗传毒理学、辐射生物学、肿瘤细胞学、毒性检测等方面。尤其以灵敏度高、检测联合毒性的特点大量运用于环境研究中。主要介绍彗星试验方法学发展历程,彗星试验的原理及其在环境领域中的应用,并指出应用中的受限因素以及未来的发展前景,为今后进一步推广该试验技术提供理论上的指导与参考。     

基于有机物指纹图谱技术的长江南京段水中有机磷溯源研究

长江水环境污染物识别和溯源分析是保护长江水生态环境的前提。于2021年11月26—27日对长江南京段有机磷进行溯源调查,采用有机物指纹图谱识别技术对9个干流监测点位和7个临近入河排口监测点位之间以有机磷为代表的有机污染物的耦合关联性进行研究,筛查重点潜在污染水域及可能来源。研究结果表明,应用指纹图谱技术共识别出25类有机污染物,其中干流XC-02点位有机磷等有机污染物输入明显,主要受临近陆域污水处理厂、制药企业、石化企业及表面加工企业等的工业废水排放影响;干流XC-07点位有机磷离子峰强度升高,受上游传输与陆域入河排口XA-07点位共同影响。研究为河流有机污染物溯源提出了指纹图谱解析方法思路并得以应用,为水环境有机污染物管控提供技术支撑和决策依据。     

六种表面活性剂对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应

为评价六种常见农药表面活性剂对水生生物的风险,采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,研究其对斑马鱼胚胎的致死效应和致畸效应.结果表明,NP-10、OP-10、农乳700、农乳602、农乳1602、宁乳33对斑马鱼胚胎的致死中浓度分别为16.44、21.13、55.86、8446、109.90、120.08 mg·L-1,其中NP-10对斑马鱼胚胎急性毒性最大,宁乳33毒性最低;随着染毒剂量的增加,斑马鱼胚胎孵化率逐渐降低,致畸率逐渐提高,六种表面活性剂显示出相似的趋势,处理浓度与胚胎孵化率(致畸率)之间存在剂量-效应关系;NP-10、OP-10、农乳700处理组均诱导斑马鱼胚胎出现躯干侧翻、游囊关闭、躯干弯曲症状;农乳602、农乳1602、宁乳33处理组出现躯干侧翻、游囊关闭症状.     

Degradation mechanism of ammonia nitrogen synergistic with bromate under UV or UV/TiO2

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bromate (BrO3?) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) are both typical environmental pollutants: BrO3? has been categorized as one of the Group 2B...     

A discussion to promote global sustainability techniques for motivating plastic waste to minimize carbon footprints

This paper emphasizes the significant challenges facing the sustainable environment, including managing and handling plastic waste and reducing carbon footprints. To tackle these challenges, it is essential to identify people's awareness levels of waste handling techniques and their pro-environmental behaviors. The study focuses on Guwahati, one of the most important cities in Northeast India, which generates increasing plastic waste daily. The paper aims to identify the factors contributing to the reduction of carbon footprints resulting from plastic waste management activities. The data collected from 1326 respondents was analyzed using factor analysis, and the reliability of the dataset was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (0.84 for the awareness level of waste management techniques and 0.780 for the prevalent mode of plastic waste management techniques). KMO (0.796), Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < 0.001), and determinant score (0.019) were used to assess the data adequacy and factorability of the dataset, and the results were found to be satisfactory. Principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and varimax orthogonal rotation method were used to identify high-loaded factors by reducing the number of variables. The results showed that two highly loaded components, namely awareness level of waste management techniques (AWMT) and prevalent mode of plastic waste management techniques (PWMT), explained 27.53% and 24.34% of the total variance, respectively, with eigenvalues of 3.35 and 2.88. The regression model confirmed the statistical significance of these factors (p < 0.001) and their relationship with the dependent variable, greenhouse reduction (GHGR). The study proposes that minimizing carbon footprints in the environment can be achieved by focusing on a limited number of controllable factors such as AWMT and PWMT. This study provides valuable insights to the authorities in controlling waste generation and achieving a pollution-free environment.