铁镍改性膨润土对废水中有机污染物的吸附性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了铁镍无机改性土和铁镍有机复合改性土,并应用于造纸废水的处理,探讨了改性土用量、废水pH值、搅拌时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化.结果表明:铁镍有机复合改性土和铁镍元机改性土对废水的处理效果明显好于原土;膨润土的用量、废水的pH对COD的去除率影响较大;对于铁镍无机改性土,吸附剂用量为12g/L,溶液pH=2,吸附时间为10 min时,对废水中COD的去除率为54.06%;对于铁镍有机复合改性土,吸附剂用量为14g/L,溶液pH=3,吸附时间为20 min时,对废水中COD的去除率为70.10%.     

Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3在超临界水氧化中催化活性的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在超临界水中催化氧化降解1,5-萘二磺酸,探索了催化剂Mn2O3活性组分负载量、催化剂空速和反应溶液pH对Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性的影响。结果表明：Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3的催化活性在一定范围内随Mn2O3活性组分负载量的增加而提高;在一定范围内,Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3空速越小,模拟废水的COD去除率越高;Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化活性在反应溶液呈酸性情况下比碱性时高。     

Occurrence, sources, and inventory of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in soils from Chongming Island, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) is a concern due to their large usage combining with physico-chemical properties and toxicity to wildlife and human. However, very limited data were reported on HBCDs in soils, especially from rural area. In this study, 22 soil samples were collected from Chongming Island at estuary of the Yangtze River Delta, to investigate the level, diasteroisomer profile, potential sources, and mass inventory of HBCDs. The total concentrations ranged from not detected to 93.8 pg g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) with a mean of 23.3 pg g⁻¹ dw, which was at the low end of the global levels. The wide distribution of HBCDs in soils suggested that the local emissions of HBCD-containing materials and/or the inputs via atmospheric transport from other regions were two possible sources. Variation of HBCDs levels was observed in different types of soils. Woodland, tideland and road soils contained slightly higher HBCDs than those of farmland and grassland. Overall, γ-HBCD was the dominant diasteroisomer in soils, followed by α-HBCD and β-HBCD. Significant but weak correlations were only found between α-HBCD and β-HBCD versus TOC content in soils. Currently, the mass inventory of HBCDs in soils of Chongming Island was 5.3 kg. Based on these data, we gave perspective on human intake of HBCDs via soil ingestion by age. Local resident’s intakes ranged from 15.5 to 97.8 fg kg body weight⁻¹ d⁻¹, in which children are exposed more than adults.     

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in three green microalgal species

The effective concentrations of copper on the inhibition of the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Closterium lunula at 96 h (96 h EC50) were determined to be 50, 68 and 200 microg/l, respectively. The low initial bioaccumulation of Cu by C. lunula was found to be responsible for its tolerance to Cu. The amount of Cu accumulated by all three microalgae reached the maximum value and decreased quickly after the peak followed by a slow decrease over the next 6 d. Bioaccumulation of Cu by C. lunula was directly proportional to the initial Cu concentration. After reaching the first peak after 1 d, the bioconcentration factor of Cu by microalgae declined to its minimum value during the exponential growth phase but increased in the stationary growth phase again. This indicates that desorption of Cu from microalgae was higher during the exponential growth phase but lower in the stationary growth phase. Smaller microalgae with low 96 h EC50 values are more efficient in removing Cu from wastewater.     

气升回流一体化工艺处理生活污水简

针对分散型生活污水处理开发了气升回流一体化工艺,以校园生活污水为对象,研究其对生活污水中污染物的去除效果。该系统由好氧区、厌氧区、沉淀区和气升室组成,以曝气的剩余气体的气升作用实现混合液的回流,节省动力消耗。结果表明,本工艺对COD、氨氮及悬浮物（SS）有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到80%、90%和75%左右,出水COD、NH₄⁺-N及SS平均浓度在40 mg/L、6.5 mg/L和10 mg/L左右。当进水COD在100~1 000 mg/L之间波动时,出水水质稳定。该工艺有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,且可实现剩余污泥的自消解。本工艺具有结构紧凑、占地少,运行费用低,维护简单的特点。     

Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

美国ADAM暖体假人简介

ADAM暖体假人（Advanced Thermal Manikin）是当今世界上最先进的热能测试人体舒适度模型。是热能测试人体模型技术上的一个飞跃。ADAM是由美国国家可再生资源实验室和美国西北测试科技公司（MTNW）共同研制的，用来精确检测车辆和航行器内短时间的环境变化。ADAM有126个独立的发汗区，可以高度精确地模拟人在不同环境气候条件下的感觉和舒适度，以及人体的各种反应，如出汗、呼吸等等。     

基于集集地震的建筑物易损性统计分析

文章收集了台湾921集集地震的强地震动和震害调查资料，利用统计分析的方法，分析了建筑物破坏的数量、震中距、地表加速度之间的关系，对集集地震做了基于地震动参数的易损性初步分析。     

燃煤机组超低排放改造对汞的脱除效果研究

燃煤烟气中汞污染的控制是目前重要的环保课题之一,燃煤电厂利用现有的脱硝、脱硫、除尘设备去除汞,文章分析燃煤电厂烟气净化设备超低排放改造后汞的排放水平,说明现有废气处理设施超低排放改造,既能有效降低烟尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放浓度,也有利于汞的去除,燃煤机组超低排放改造后汞的排放浓度远低于现行0.03 mg/m3的限值;通过分析燃煤电厂现有烟气净化设备对汞的协同去除效果和脱除汞的原理,提出了未来燃煤烟气汞污染控制措施的建议.     

江苏省环保资金事前补助金额校正优化研究--以江苏省燃煤发电机组SCR脱硝工程为例

江苏省环保专项资金一般根据专家经验对项目核定后进行事前补助,事后开展针对项目财务支出的合规性评价,但忽视了专家核定补助金额是否合理。根据近3年江苏省燃煤发电机组SCR脱硝工艺典型项目审计报告,分析了项目审计核定支出额与专家核定支出额的规模(100 MW级及以下、300 MW级、600 MW级及以上)差异、区域(苏南、苏中、苏北)差异及其影响因素,发现100 MW级及以下机组环保资金审计核定支出额显著高于专家核定补助额,在剔除100 MW级及以下机组后,苏南地区项目环保资金审计核定支出额显著高于专家核定补助额,基于此提出了项目补助费用校正优化建议,为环保资金科学分配、提高财政资金支出效率提供了理论依据。