火源位置对凹型砖木结构古建筑火蔓延特性影响研究∗

为探究凹型砖木结构古建筑火灾蔓延特性,以某典型凹型古建筑为研究对象,利用 Pyrosim 软件进行物理模型搭建,研究不同火源位置对火灾蔓延规律的影响,以及在该过程中温度、能见度变化规律和 CO、CO₂浓度动态分布情况等。结果表明：不同火源位置对火蔓延特性影响较大,若引火源位于凹型古建筑西南角,相较西北、正北方向两个工况,热释放速率可高达 240 MW/s,应选择在该处设置多个感温探测器及自动喷淋系统用于火灾防范;若引火源位于建筑西南角,相较其他工况室内温度可达最高值 1 000 ℃,CO、CO₂浓度亦均达最值,且在垂直高度 1.67 m 处能见度下降速率达到峰值,人员需在 2 min 内全部疏散。该研究对于凹型砖木结构古建筑火灾防控、防灭火装置的合理排布及灾后人员高效、安全疏散具有重大意义和参考价值。     

渤海海洋生态修复现状、不足及建议

为全面改善渤海生态环境质量,2018年,生态环境部会同有关部门组织实施了渤海综合治理攻坚战（以下简称攻坚战）,经过三年治理,在陆源污染治理、海域污染治理、生态保护修复、环境风险防范等方面均取得突破性进展。其中,通过生态保护修复累计整治修复岸线130余千米,修复滨海湿地8800余公顷,有力推动渤海生态环境质量持续向好。本文从修复规模、修复类型等方面梳理了攻坚战期间渤海海洋生态修复特点,分析总结了在滨海湿地、岸线岸滩和生态系统服务功能价值等方面取得的成效,探讨了在项目谋划、修复模式和资金来源方面的不足之处,从加强规划引领、提高技术水平、拓宽资金渠道等方面,提出了进一步完善渤海海洋生态修复的意见建议。     

电吸附组合工艺在炼油污水回用中的研究与应用

采用生物深度处理-过滤-电吸附除盐组合工艺对炼油二级生化排污进行深度处理,中试和工业应用试验结果表明:该组合工艺具有较好的抗石油类有机物污染的能力,电吸附除盐设备核心部件预期使用寿命长,产水可以直接回用于循环水作补水,浓水达到国家一级排放标准,可以直接排放。该工艺不产生二次污染,属于绿色环保工艺。     

Real-time PCR assay for detection and relative quantification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Liocarcinus </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">depurator</Emphasis> larvae from plankton samples

Accurate species identification of decapod crustacean larvae is required to understand their population distributions, life cycle dynamics and interactions with their habitats. Analysis of plankton samples using morphological taxonomic methods and microscopy is time-consuming, requires highly skilled and trained operatives and may often be inaccurate. As complementary tools to classical identification methods, recent work has focused on the development of molecular approaches and shows their feasibility for species-specific identification. This study has developed real-time PCR assays utilising species-specific Taqman^® probes designed in the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of Liocarcinus depurator, Necora puber, Carcinus maenas and Cancer pagurus. Our study then employed the probe and primers designed for L. depurator to obtain accurate identification and relative abundance estimates of L. depurator larvae in plankton samples collected between March 2005 and October 2006. Ranges of larval abundances were derived from a standard curve created from plankton samples spiked with a known number of larvae reared in the laboratory. Inhibition of the PCR reaction was shown to be an important factor and our results suggested that 0.1 ng of DNA as template provided accurate identification and avoided inhibition. Real-time PCR was shown to provide accurate species identification on unsorted plankton samples and could be suitable for the estimation of larval abundances in the plankton, although more work must be done to improve the accuracy of those estimations.     

中国流通业CO2排放的因素分解和脱钩分析

参照IPCC清单中的方法估算了2000~2012年中国流通业CO2排放量;运用LMDI方法分解分析了研究期间流通业CO2排放变化的影响因素;并基于DPSIR框架构建流通业脱钩努力指数模型测度了流通业CO2排放脱钩效应.结果表明:2000~2012年间,流通业CO2排放量增长明显,期间累计排放总量为692482.37万t;产业规模效应是CO2排放增量的主要因素,能源强度效应是CO2排放减量的主要因素,分别引起CO2排放量增加了67435.72万t和减少了12358.67万t,能源结构和排放因子效应对CO2排放影响有限,分别引起CO2排放量增加了519.89万t和减少了2590.94万t;流通业CO2排放脱钩状态呈“弱脱钩—未脱钩—弱脱钩—未脱钩”的变化特征,脱钩努力指数值呈“ ”型变化趋势;目前能源强度是决定流通业CO2排放脱钩状态的关键因素,但随着能源强度的下降幅度越来越小,未来更需要通过调整能源结构和降低排放因子来实现流通业CO2排放脱钩.     

橡胶厂污水达标排放改造

通过对橡胶厂污水处理系统各单元运行状况进行检测 ,找出系统不能达标排放的原因 ,提出了改造方案 ,并对系统进行了改造。改造后的结果表明 ,在来水处于正常的情况下 ,即CODCr<80 0mg L ,系统最终出水CODCr<10 0mg L。     

亚铵法麦草浆黑液的回收与污染治理新技术的研究

通过对亚铵法麦草浆黑液性质的研究 ,提出了蒸发浓缩 +生物活性有机肥生产的新技术路线 ,并结合生产实践对该技术加以研究、归纳 ,并进行了经济分析。实践证明 ,运用该技术不仅能实现亚铵法麦草浆黑液的回收和污染治理达标 ,而且能为企业带来可观利润 ,使企业走上可持续发展之路。     

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合关系及交互响应

在分析生态保护与高质量发展耦合机理的基础上,以省域为研究单元评价黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调度,并与长江经济带进行对比;利用面板VAR模型定量考察黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的交互响应关系。主要结论如下：（1）研究期内黄河流域生态保护指数和高质量发展指数均呈现增长的趋势,总体均呈现中下游地区高于上游地区的格局。（2）研究期内黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调度整体呈现增长的态势,其中2003—2011年耦合协调度小于0.5,属于拮抗阶段;2012—2017年耦合协调度处于0.5~0.7之间,属于磨合阶段;耦合协调度总体呈现下游>中游>上游的空间格局,在省域层面山东和陕西的耦合协调度最大,宁夏和青海的耦合协调状况最差。（3）黄河流域的生态保护指数略高于全国平均水平,但低于长江经济带;高质量发展指数和耦合协调度都低于全国平均水平,与长江经济带的差距更大。（4）黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展两个子系统都存在正向累进效应和惯性发展特征,并且两者对于自身的影响程度都呈现逐步下降的态势,其中高质量发展对自身的影响程度下降更为明显;黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展具有正向促进作用,但由于生态保护和高质量发展水平偏低且内部发展不均衡,造成二者的作用机制不显著。     

Cost–benefit analysis of construction waste source reduction: a system dynamics approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Construction waste (CW) source reduction is a crucial strategy to address the sustainability issue of the construction industry. The economic benefit...     

Knowledge domain and emerging trends of carbon footprint in the field of climate change and energy use: a bibliometric analysis

Carbon footprint (CF) research has attained tremendous popularity for improving the climate environment purposes. In particular, current energy use has been identified as the main cause of climate change. CF plays an irreplaceable role in managing energy use, reducing gas emissions, and improving climate change. The objective of this study was to review studies that have developed CF and to perform a bibliometric analysis using two key terms: “climate change” and “energy use”. From bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, it was possible to establish a knowledge map of cooperative network structure and research evolution. We are aiming to reveal the main logical chain of CF research leading to climate change, to make up for the lack of current literature, and provide research inspiration for researchers. The research findings mainly focus on four aspects. First, the relevant research began in 2008 and is in a state of continuous rise. Second, due to the law of research development and the prominence of practical problems, related research has experienced a stage from conceptual methods to specific problems. Third, China and the USA assume an important role in which international cooperation is the overall trend. Fourth, related research can be divided into CF algorithm research, ecological environment management research, and specific cross-industry fields. In addition, possible opportunities for change in related research are explored. It is also suggested that the integration of CF with other footprints, when energy use and environmental change are fully considered, may become an important future research trend by providing a more comprehensive environmental impact.