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901.
902.
903.
Distribution of perfluorochemicals between sera and milk from the same mothers and implications for prenatal and postnatal exposures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim SK Lee KT Kang CS Tao L Kannan K Kim KR Kim CK Lee JS Park PS Yoo YW Ha JY Shin YS Lee JH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):169-174
The levels of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs), four perfloroalkylsulfonates (PFASs), and one sulfonamide were measured in paired samples of maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and breast milk. The maternal and cord sera were strongly correlated with each other for all measured compounds (r > 0.5 and p < 0.01). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in compound composition profile between the two sera matrices, with a more depletion of the longer chain compounds in cord serum. The transfer efficiency values from maternal to cord serum (TFCS/MS) decreased by 70% with each increasing unit of -CF2 chain within a PFCA group, and for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), by a half compared to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). In contrast to the strong correlation in concentrations between the two sera matrices, the pattern of compounds in breast milk differed considerably with those in sera. Accordingly, compound- and matrix-specific transfer must be considered when assessing prenatal and postnatal exposure. 相似文献
904.
Performance and characteristics of biosorption of Pb(II) had been studied in a batch system using the fungal strain biomass, KC-2. The biosorption performance was investigated by analysing the effects of such factors as the initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, and contact time at 303 K. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0. The experimental data were described by the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, and were closely followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir model and the maximum biosorption capacity was 84.03 mg g(-1). The adsorption mechanism was examined by FTIR, SEM and EDAX analysis. Results indicated that carboxylic, hydroxyl and amine groups were involved in the biosorption and ion exchange mechanism existed. 相似文献
905.
906.
全世界汽车尾气污染问题日益严重,受到社会的广泛关注和重视.当前三效催化剂作为第四代汽车尾气催化剂在世界上得到了广泛的认同,并已进行了深入的研究和开发.阐述了我国机动车尾气污染与防治的现状、三效催化转化器的工作原理及其研究进展. 相似文献
907.
Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xing Wang Dane Westerdahl Lung Chi Chen Ye Wu Jiming Hao Xiaochuan Pan Xinbiao Guo K. Max Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(30):4535-4543
The aggressive traffic interventions and emission control measures implemented to improve air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games created a valuable case study to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures on mitigating air pollution and protecting public health. In this paper, we report the results from our field campaign in summer 2008 on the on-road emission factors of carbon monoxide, black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP) as well as the ambient BC concentrations. The fleet average emission factors for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) showed considerable reduction in the Olympic year (2008) compared to the pre-Olympic year (2007). Our measurement of Black Carbon (BC), a primary pollutant, at different elevations at the ambient site suggests consistent decrease in BC concentrations as the height increased near the ground level, which indicates that the nearby ground level sources, probably dominated by traffic, contributed to a large portion of BC concentrations in the lower atmospheric layer in Beijing during summertime. These observations indicate that people living in near ground levels experience higher exposures than those living in higher floors in Beijing. The BC diurnal patterns on days when traffic control were in place during the Olympic Games were compared to those on non-traffic-control days in both 2007 and in 2008. These patterns strongly suggest that diesel trucks are a major source of summertime BC in Beijing. The median BC concentration on Olympic days was 3.7 μg m−3, which was dramatically lower than the value on non-traffic-control days, indicating the effectiveness of traffic control regulations in BC reduction in Beijing. 相似文献
908.
焦化废水泡沫分离液的Fenton催化氧化预处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以焦化废水处理过程产生的泡沫分离液为研究对象,对其进行Fenton催化氧化处理实验,考察H2O2用量、Fe2+浓度、pH和反应时间4个因素对处理效果的影响,并结合GC/MS方法比较处理前后泡沫分离液中有机物的种类及其生物降解性的变化。结果表明,采用[H2O2]=100 mmol/L、[Fe2+]=100 mg/L、pH=3、反应时间为30 min的Fenton催化氧化反应条件,可以使分离液的COD去除率达到68%以上;经Fenton处理后,分离液的B/C值由0.12提高至0.38,生物降解性明显改善;通过GC/MS的分析,基本明确分离液中含有的有机物主要为酚、胺、腈、酯类有机物及喹啉、吡啶等杂环化合物,大多数属于难降解且生物毒性较强的有机物。针对这些复杂组分共存的泡沫分离液,利用Fenton试剂较强的氧化能力能够将其含有的有毒/难降解有机物转化为低毒或无毒的小分子有机物,为其后续的生物处理创造良好的条件。 相似文献
909.
TiO_2/NiFe_2O_4磁性纳米光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
先用水热法制备了纳米级NiFe2O4磁核,然后采用均匀沉淀法在NiFe2O4磁核表面包覆TiO2,制备了一种新型磁性纳米光催化剂TiO2/NiFe2O4。通过实验确定了制备TiO2/NiFe2O4的最佳Ti/Ni(摩尔比)为30/1,用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外—可见(UV—Vis)漫反射、热重—差示扫描量热分析(TG—DSC)、磁力学测试等手段对其进行了表征。以甲基橙的水溶液为模拟污染物,评价了TiO2/NiFe2O4的光催化性能,在光照2h后,甲基橙的脱色率可达98.5%。研究结果表明,TiO2/NiFe2O4是一种可重复使用的高效光催化剂。 相似文献
910.
Jun Li Tian Lin Su-Hong Pan Yue Xu Xiang Liu Gan Zhang Xiang-Dong Li 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(27):3254-3260
Organic films, collected from indoor and outdoor window surfaces in Guangzhou and Hong Kong of South China, were analyzed to quantify their organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) content. The highest concentrations of OC, EC, and BDE-209 were found in Guangzhou with values of 10 000 μg m?2, 2200 μg m?2, and 4000 ng m?2, respectively, and the highest concentration of Σ7PBDE (sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154 and -183) was found in Hong Kong with a value of 25 ng m?2. In most cases, the concentrations of PBDEs were higher in the exterior films than those in the interior films with BDE-209 as the predominant congener in both cities, suggesting that PBDEs mainly come from ambient environment, and deca-BDE accounts for major PBDE consumption. The growth rates of organic film on window surfaces were fast at the beginning, and reached a consistent level afterwards. The evolution rates ranged from 2.6 to 11 nm day?1 for “bulk film”, while from 0.06 to 0.92 nm day?1 for “pure film”. The concentrations of PBDEs on the window surfaces did not increase with the growth time, suggesting that the window surface may provide a good place for photo-degradation of PBDEs. 相似文献