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61.
Delia Cavallo Cinzia L. Ursini Patrizia Di Filippo Aureliano Ciervo Sergio Spicaglia Donatella Pomata Federica Incoronato Sergio Iavicoli 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(1-2):69-77
Airborne particulate matter (PM) extracts were investigated for their content of organic compounds and for the direct and oxidative DNA damage induced on lung epithelial cells A549. PM10 was seasonally collected at two monitoring sites (Stations 1 and 2), characterized by different traffic loads. The cells were exposed for 30 min to extracts of PM10 diluted at 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for summer samples, and at 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15% for winter samples. Oxidative and direct DNA damage were evaluated by formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (fpg) comet assay analyzing tail moment (TM) values from fpg-enzyme-treated cells (TMenz) and enzyme untreated cells (TM) respectively and by comet percentage analysis. Measurements relating to Station 2 showed higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their methyl-(methyl-PAHs) and nitro-(nitro-PAHs) derivatives in both the seasons. Nitro-PAH concentrations were higher in summer than in winter at both the stations. We found a significant increase of comet percentages at the highest dose of extract from both stations in summer and from Station 2 in winter. The TM and TMenz values relative to the summer sampling showed an early oxidative DNA damage induction also followed by direct DNA damage more evident at Station 2, that seems to correlate with the presence of higher nitro-PAH concentrations during the warm season. At both monitoring stations, the results from winter sampling campaign showed a direct DNA damage induction at 0.1% of extract and oxidative-direct DNA damage at the highest dose (0.15%). 相似文献
62.
Air pollutants and the characterization of the organic content of aerosol particles in a mixed industrial/semi-rural area in central Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Di Filippo P Riccardi C Gariazzo C Incoronato F Pomata D Spicaglia S Cecinato A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(3):275-282
Both regulated and unregulated air pollutants were detected during an intensive seasonal sampling campaign in a mixed industrial/semi-rural area on the outskirts of Rome, Italy, at two sites located opposite a hospital waste incinerator, downwind according to the direction of the prevailing local winds. Concentrations of pollutants were significantly lower than in urban atmospheres. The composition of particulate organic material indicated a heavy biogenic impact, accompanied by a lower contribution from petroleum-related processes. Both PAH and nitro-PAH group compositions of particulates were used to assess the nature and relative importance of sources. Both sites showed that different and diffuse sources contributed to local pollution with a significant contribution from traffic, proving that the hospital waste incinerator was not the main pollution source in this area. Among unregulated compounds, a series of positional isomers of nitro-PAHs and other organic compounds associated with particulate matter were investigated. In particular, 1- and 3-nitrophenanthrene identification was carried out, and they proved to be the most abundant nitro-PAHs. 相似文献
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66.
Licata P Naccari F Dugo G Fotia V Lo Turco V Potorti AG Di Bella G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2881-2892
In the present study, we investigated the concentrations and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) in intestine, liver, and muscle samples of 11 common buzzards (Buteo buteo) from Sicily used as bioindicator for monitoring pollution in environment. All samples of common buzzards were collected
at the “Recovery Center of Wild Fauna” of Palermo, through the Zooprophilactic Institute. Quantitative determination of OCs
and PCBs in the samples examined has been carried out using HRGC-ECD and GC-MS. The results obtained show the presence of
concentrations of ∑DDT and ∑PCB in almost all samples. Regarding ∑DDT (4,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDD, 4,4′-DDD, 2,4′-DDT, and 4,4′-DDT), the highest concentrations were found in intestine (0.411 ± 0.050 μg/g) followed by muscle (0.130 ± 0.017 μg/g) and
liver samples (0.109 ± 0.014 μg/g). As regards the ∑PCB congeners (PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-95, PCB-99, PCB-101, PCB-110, PCB-138,
PCB-146, PCB-149, PCB-151, PCB-153, PCB-170, PCB-177, PCB-180, PCB-183, and PCB-187), the highest concentrations were found
in intestine (1.686 ± 0.144 μg/g) followed by liver (1.064 ± 0.162 μg/g) and muscle samples (0.797 ± 0.078 μg/g). Our data
deserve particular attention not only for their significance but especially because they were recorded in Sicily, a region
with a very low risk of environmental pollution due to the shortage of industries. 相似文献
67.
Delivery and frequency distributions of combined wastewater collection system wet and dry weather loads 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Combined wastewater collection systems continue to serve as a common urban conveyance method in urban areas of Europe and older urban areas of the United States. This study uses combined wastewater collection system monitoring data from the urbanizing Liguori catchment and channel in Cosenza (Italy) to illustrate event-based delivery and distribution of conveyed pollutant indices. Motivated by recent European Union (EU) discharge control legislation, this study specifically differentiates the event-based delivery of these indices between dry and wet-weather flows. Although the relatively steady to diurnal-variable delivery phenomena in dry weather flows are known, transport limiting phenomena for wet-weather hydrology and mass delivery typically are not known for the same catchment. Limiting categories of transport for a pollutant phase are generated by variables such as flow volume and duration, stream power, hydrograph parameters, and previous dry hours (PDH). Transport limitations of wet and dry weather events from the 414-ha catchment were analyzed and characterized as limited by mass indices (first-order, first flush transport) or limited by flow (zero-order transport). Results indicated significant concentration differences between mass- and flow-limited events. Higher concentrations were associated with mass-limited events. Frequency distributions of flow, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were consistently exponential for wet-weather and mass-limited events. In contrast, flow, TSS, and BOD5 concentrations were distributed normally for flow-limited events. Results indicated a reasonable linear relationship between discharged TSS, COD, and BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) for Liguori Channel discharges into the Crati River. Wet-weather event transport was predominately mass-limited for TSS, COD, and BOD5. 相似文献
68.
Luca Alberti Hossein Alimi Thomas Ertel Patrizia Trefiletti Ilaria Pietrini 《Environmental Forensics》2015,16(3):217-230
Remediation actions at contaminated sites are based on multiple numerical model scenarios considering different parameter distributions, source positions and contaminant transport paths. In some cases the excess of scenarios is due to uncertainties in the conceptual model as a result of the spread of contamination through heterogeneities in the physical system. Reduction of project hypotheses and conceptual model uncertainty is therefore needed. This result can be achieved by coupling hydrogeological investigations with environmental forensic techniques, better localization of the source and understanding of contamination history. In this respect, in the present study, compositional fingerprinting and groundwater flow modeling were applied to a former oil storage facility where, even though a hydraulic barrier had been built to stop the hydrocarbon plume, the presence of some hydrocarbons was still found in downgradient monitoring wells. The final aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the hydraulic barrier and identify of the source of pollution. Fingerprinting results indicated pollution with a gasoline-diesel mixture much altered by water washing and/or biodegradation. Comparison of seven groundwater samples collected in wells and monitoring wells was performed by analyzing the volatile fraction (BTEX) and the total ion chromatogram (TIC), focusing attention on: n-alkanes (m/z 85), alkylcyclohexanes (m/z 83), isoprenoids (m/z 113), C4-alkylbenzenes (m/z 134), C3-C6 alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most probable scenario was then identified by combining the results of fingerprinting with different contaminant paths obtained using the numerical model. 相似文献
69.
Graziella Amendola Patrizia Pelosi Roberto Dommarco 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):24-34
A fast and simple multi-residue method for the analysis of 15 organophosphorus (OP), 17 organochlorine (OC), 8 pyrethroids (PYR), 12 N-methyl-carbamate (NMC) pesticide residues and bromopropylate in honey is presented. Ready–to–use EXtrelut®NT 20 column, eluted with dichloromethane, was used to extract the pesticide residues from the aqueous-acetone honey sample, obtaining a clean extract directly analyzable. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame photometric detector (FPD) for OP compounds and by GC coupled with mass spectrometry detector (MSD) for OC and PYR pesticides and bromopropylate. The NMC pesticides were analysed by liquid chromatography-double derivatization coupled with spectrofluorimetric detector (LC/DD/Fl). This method allows the determination of the 53 pesticide residues at low concentrations (0.0005–0.074 mg/kg) and can be used to assess the compliance with the Maximum Residues Levels (MRLs) set by the European Union. The performance of the method was evaluated and specificity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were determined. A good linearity (r2? 0.99) was found in the range 0.0005–0.074 mg/kg for the majority of the compounds studied. Most of the pesticides had recoveries in the range 70–103 % and values of relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20 for repeatability and reproducibility, showing good accuracy and precision of the method. Aldicarb partially degraded in aldicarb sulphoxide during the analytical procedure, giving anomalous values. The LOQ for all pesticides investigated was from 0.0005 to 0.025 mg/kg while the LOD ranged from 0.0002 to 0.008 mg/kg. 相似文献
70.
Hsin-ying Liu Patrizia V Hall Jeannie L Darby Erik R Coats Peter G Green Donald E Thompson Frank J Loge 《Water environment research》2008,80(4):367-372
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production was achieved using tomato cannery waste coupled with a mixed microbial culture during wastewater treatment. The two-stage PHA production process comprised a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), operating under a periodic feast-famine regime, to accomplish simultaneously wastewater treatment and selection of PHA-accumulating microbes, followed by a batch reactor for the production of PHA-rich biomass. The SBRs were efficient at removing soluble carbon (84%), ammonia (100%), and phosphorus (76%). Meanwhile, PHA-accumulating microbes were enriched under the SBR operating conditions, and PHA content on a cell-weight basis was within the range 7 to 11% in nonfiltered wastewater and 2 to 8% in filtered wastewater. Subsequently, batch studies were implemented with varying loading rates, ranging from 0.4 to 3.2 food-to-microorganism ratios. A maximum 20% PHA content on a cell-weight basis was obtained. Based on the experimental results, a PHA biosynthesis-degradation kinetic model was developed to (1) aid in the design of a pilot- or full-scale PHA production process coupled with wastewater treatment and (2) determine optimal conditions for harvest of PHA-rich biomass. 相似文献