南京霾天气及PM_(2.5)化学污染特征分析

为了研究大气细粒子PM2.5在霾天气下的化学污染特性,2012年4月1日-27日在南京信息工程大学1号新实验楼楼顶,在霾天对大气细粒子PM2.5进行了采样,利用离子色谱法、TOC法等测得PM2.5的质量浓度、水溶性离子及水溶性有机碳组分浓度。结果表明:霾越重PM2.5质量浓度越高,霾天的PM2.5与地面温度、风速呈一定的负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关。SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Ca2+、Na+、Cl-以及水溶性总有机碳是PM2.5的主要组成部分,其质量浓度随霾的加重而增加,其中NH4+、SO42-、NO3-及TOC质量浓度的增加幅度更明显,表明气态污染物的二次转化对采样点灰霾污染也有突出贡献。     

磷酸铵镁沉淀法回收尿液中N和P的实验研究

以源分离尿液为研究对象,在氨氮含量为2 850 mg N/L的微稀释尿液中,投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O,以磷酸铵镁沉淀法回收N和P。通过正交实验确定影响磷酸铵镁沉淀反应的因素依次为: pH值、PO3-4∶NH+4、Mg2+∶NH+4、温度。在搅拌速度=100 r/min、反应温度=15℃、反应时间=10 min的条件下,实验分别考察了pH值、PO3-4投加量、Mg2+投加量对磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除N、P的影响,结果表明最佳工艺条件为pH=9.5,Mg2+∶NH+4∶PO3-4=1.3∶1.0∶1.0。最佳工艺条件下尿液中的NH+4-N可从2 850 mg/L降低到约125 mg/L;剩余磷酸盐浓度约7 mg/L。SEM及XRD分析表明,沉淀物的主要成分为呈斜方晶系的磷酸铵镁晶体。     

Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Strawberries Implicated in an Outbreak in the USA in 1997

Food and Environmental Virology - Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was detected in frozen strawberries which had been implicated in a large outbreak of hepatitis A in 1997. The sample was analysed after...     

老化对污泥改良沙土吸附水中对硝基苯酚性能的影响探讨

以添加不同比例城市污泥并老化2年后的新疆沙土为研究对象,从有机碳含量及对硝基苯酚吸附能力2个方面探讨了污泥改良技术对沙土的影响。结果表明,模拟废水对硝基苯酚在沙土、污泥及污泥改良沙土中的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式;与污泥和沙土单独老化过程(用于计算理论值)相比,混合老化后的改良沙土的性质发生了很大变化,当加入污泥含量为9.1%～50%时,污泥改良沙土中的有机碳含量比理论计算值减少了11.54%～29.02%;对硝基苯酚在混合老化的改良沙土中的饱和吸附量远大于理论计算值,但吸附系数却远小于后者,表明混合老化后表面吸附作用增强,而有机质的分配作用在总吸附作用中的贡献减小。     

滇池和洱海湖滨带水生植被状况与水质的关系研究

在滇池和洱海的湖滨带各设置了6个具有不同水生植被状况的采样点,于2010年8月-2011年5月对水温、pH、ORP、电导率、营养盐(总氮和总磷)、叶绿素a及3种DNA病毒等水质指标进行了现场或采样分析。结果表明,两湖泊中营养盐含量高的湖滨带(滇池草海和洱海沙坪湾),由于水生植物覆盖度高,湖水保持了叶绿素a含量低的状态。对洱海湖滨带的水质分析结果表明,洱海水质有较明显的季节性变化。分析表明,与水温相比,营养盐浓度可能是影响藻类生物量的更重要的因素。3种DNA病毒检测结果初步表明,水生植物不仅能控藻,而且对病毒也有抑制作用。     

三江平原泥炭地过去10ka泥炭储量与碳储量的模型估算

三江平原是中国泥炭地主要集中区域之一,其泥炭储量与碳储量对中国泥炭地碳收支平衡有着重要影响.该类研究目前多数是基于野外样点采集数据的整合分析,本研究通过利用全新世泥炭模型(HPM)估算三江平原10 000年(10 ka)至今的泥炭储量与碳储量,并与已有文献结果进行对比分析.结果表明:三江平原泥炭发育高峰期约为距今9 ka和2 ka左右,7 ka和8 ka左右泥炭地发育极少或忽略不计;总泥炭储量约为0.086 Pg(0.074-0.106 Pg),其中碳储量约为0.025 Pg(0.022-0.031 Pg).尽管由于泥炭地性质不同等原因使得结果与已有文献有一些误差,但对结果的分析也验证了这一方法的可行性,值得进一步研究与完善.     

Persistent organic pollutants in soils and sediments from James Ross Island, Antarctica

Soil and sediment samples from James Ross Island were analyzed for their PCB, OCP and PAH contents. Soil concentrations ranged between 0.51 and 1.82 ng g(-1) for seven indicator PCB congeners, between 0.49 and 1.34 ng g(-1) for HCH congeners, between 0.51 and 3.68 ng g(-1) for the sum of p,p'-DDT, DDE, and DDD, and between 34.9 and 171 ng g(-1) for the sum of 16 EPA PAHs. Sediment levels from 0.32 to 0.83 ng g(-1) were found for PCBs, from 0.14 to 0.76 ng g(-1) for HCHs, from 0.19 to 1.15 ng g(-1) for DDTs, and from 1.4 to 205 ng g(-1) for PAHs. A prevalence of low-mass PAHs, less chlorinated PCBs, and more volatile chemicals indicates that the long-range atmospheric transport from populated areas of Africa, South America, and Australia is the most probable contamination source for the solid matrices in James Ross Island.     

Do biodiversity indices behave as expected from traits of constituent species in simulated scenarios?

It is believed that diversity of plant communities has a positive effect on their productivity. The benefits of diversity are described by “biodiversity indices”, comparing yield of mixtures with yields of monocultures of constituent species. These indices are supposed to capture also the main mechanisms leading to increased yield. We have constructed a spatially explicit individual based model, simulating even-aged stand development, and compared the behaviour of selected biodiversity indices (overyielding, selectivity and complementarity) with expectations based on life history traits of constituent species. The results are based on comparisons of two species mixtures with corresponding monocultures. We designed three scenarios of changes in the two species life history differentiation, and compared the behaviour of the indices with expectation based on it. In the first scenario, selectivity was driven by increasing size inequality of the two species, mostly in accordance with expectations. The second scenario presents increasing shade tolerance of the smaller species that increased complementarity, again mostly as expected. In the last scenario, shortening of length of stress tolerance of the weaker species surprisingly increased values of the biodiversity indices. For each setting, we varied sowing density and spatial pattern of the constituent species. The behaviour of the indices was influenced by both factors, but the effect of density was more pronounced. In particular, at high sowing densities, the most important interactions happened in the very early stages of mixture development, and the behaviour of the indices was often counter-intuitive.