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排序方式: 共有94条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Carlos Rosas Edwin L. Cooper Cristina Pascual Roberto Brito Rolando Gelabert Teresa Moreno Ariadna Sánchez 《Marine Biology》2007,152(4):929-938
To assess the health status of aquatic ecosystems, specialized tools and strategies are needed to study the changes induced
in oceanic systems by human activity. The Gulf of Mexico has a tremendous ecological importance because of its biological
diversity. The present paper defines baseline levels of blood metabolites and immune components for wild tropical populations
of F. duorarum: an important shrimp species of the Gulf of Mexico. Osmotic pressure (OP), osmotic capability (OC), oxy hemocyanin (OxyHc),
glucose, digestive gland glycogen, proteins, cholesterol, lactate, acylglycerols (AG) were used as indicators of physiological
and nutritional status; phenoloxidase activity, quantification of hemocytes, as well as respiratory burst, were used to assess
the immunological status. There were no differences between sexes in either live weight or physiological and nutritional conditions.
Only total blood protein, oxy hemocyanin, and digestive gland glycogen showed normally distributed data. All the remaining
blood parameters were right- or left-skewed. A median live weight of 9.5 g was registered for the sampled population. Median
values of 955 and −91.85 mOsm/kg (OP and OC, respectively) were obtained, indicating that shrimp were slightly hypo-osmotic
in relation to sea water. A proportion of 27% of OxyHc of the total protein (OxyHc/Prot) was calculated for the F. duorarum population. ProPO and PO showed no normal distribution and were not different between sexes. A right-skewed distribution was
observed. Total hemocytes, hyaline (HC) and granular cells (GC) showed differences between sexes, with higher values in females
than males. A similar proportion of HC (69%) and GC (30%) of total cells were observed between sexes. Basal and activated
respiratory burst showed differences between sexes with higher values for females than for males. The current results provide
indicators of the nutritional and immune status of F. duorarum that can be used to detect changes in trophic relations and health at a population level. 相似文献
72.
Macroplastics are well known to be highly hazardous for marine wildlife, as well as being the most frequently encountered type of marine litter. The main objective of this work was to address the impact of beach kiosk presence on the occurrence of marine debris in a highly frequented beach in Southeast Brazil. For this work, three areas close to kiosks and three areas distant from kiosks were chosen for sampling and comparison. We conducted three transects at each location, each one including two meters of vegetation, from which debris was collected. Samples were taken to the laboratory so that they could be weighed and the debris was classified according to material. Our results show that, in every scenario, plastic was the most frequently found material. In addition, the amount of paper was found to be higher in areas close to kiosks. Presence of kiosks does not have an overall direct impact on the amount of litter. However, we found vegetated areas to have significantly higher volumes of debris, both in areas with and without beach kiosks. 相似文献
73.
74.
Buzica D Gerboles M Amantini L Ballesta PP De Saeger E 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(2):169-174
The influence of environmental parameters on the uptake rate of the nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) Palmes diffusive sampler was investigated. The main factors affecting the uptake rate were found to be wind speed, the preponderant factor, followed by relative humidity and temperature. The NO(2) concentration and exposure time, as well as the interactions among the factors were not found to have a significant influence on the uptake rate of the Palmes sampler. As a result, a model able to predict the uptake rate of the Palmes sampler was established. In addition, by using the model-predicted uptake rate, the agreement between chemiluminescence and the Palmes sampler during the field tests was improved. The NO(2) Palmes diffusive sampler was shown to comply with the requirement on accuracy defined by the European Directive for the indicative methods of measurements. 相似文献
75.
Armando I. Perez Wayne C. Huber James P. Heaney E. E. Pyatt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(5):900-908
ABSTRACT. A mathematical model to predict water quality in a surface-groundwater system is under development. This project is being sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency. The ultimate goal of this study is to obtain cause and effect relationships between pollutant sources and the ensuing concentrations at different locations in a basin. Several programs are used to model the various hydrologic processes occurring in nature, namely: rainfall, runoff, flow in surface bodies of water, infiltration, and groundwater flow. At every time step in the simulation, the water quantity computations for the above hydrologic models are performed first. Subsequently, the results of these computations, typically in the form of flow velocities, are used as input to the water quality calculations. The water quality routines involve the modeling of the associated physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this study, emphasis is being placed on pollution in agricultural areas. Accordingly the Lake Apopka basin in Central Florida is being used as the application site. 相似文献
76.
77.
J. D. Perez E. Esteban M. Gomez F. Gallardo‐Lara 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):349-357
Abstract The effects of wastewater from olive processing on seed germination and early plant growth of different vegetable species were examined. Three types of wastewater at different concentrations were tested: raw wastewater, wastewater with organic matter removed and deionized wastewater. Results generally indicate an inhibitory effect on seed germination and early plant growth by all treatments containing any kind of wastewater. Of the three types of effluent, raw wastewater had the greatest depressive effect, followed by deionized wastewater and finally effluent with organic matter removed. Barley showed the least sensitivity to phytotoxic effects while tomato was the plant most affected. The remaining vegetable species showed an intermediate sensitivity. 相似文献
78.
van Leeuwen JA Lewis R Goonan P Struve N Everson A Nothrop S Smernik RJ Chow CW Fabris R Rupasinghe M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2151-2158
Purpose
The characteristics of organics in sulphite pulp mill effluent and in the receiving environment of effluent discharge were investigated to assess the basis for the persistence or attenuation of colour.Methods
Characterization of organics was conducted through determination of SUVA, specific colour, and molecular weight distribution of organics using high performance size exclusion chromatography and by solid-state 13?C cross polarization (CP) NMR. The characteristics of organics from mill wastewater before and after secondary aerobic treatment, followed by lime treatment and from the receiving environment, an enclosed brackish lake were compared. Changes in the character of organics in lake water over a period of 14?years were studied in the context of changes in mill processing and climate impacts.Results
High colour in mill effluent and in receiving waters correlated with high SUVA and specific colour levels, high molecular weight range and aromatic content. Conversely, lake waters with low colour had UV absorbing compounds of much lower molecular weight range and low relative abundance of aromatic compounds. Attenuation of colour and changes in the character of organics in the receiving environment coincided with increased concentrations of metal cations.Conclusions
These increased concentrations appear to be due to the effects of climate change, lake management and their presence in mill effluent, with subsequent discharge to the lake. Attenuation of colour was found to be predominantly through removal of high molecular weight aromatic compounds where the removal processes could be through adsorption and co-precipitation with divalent metals, as well as through dilution processes. 相似文献79.
Richard Ewbank Carlos Perez Hilary Cornish Mulugeta Worku Solomon Woldetsadik 《Disasters》2019,43(Z3):S345-S367
Forecast‐based drought early warning/early action has been hampered by both inadequate decision‐making frameworks and a lack of appropriate funding mechanisms. Rural communities in Nicaragua and Ethiopia that have participated in resilience‐building interventions of varying durations demonstrate the value of community‐based actions informed by early warning, forecasts and drought management advice, both before and during the agricultural season. While drought affected all crops negatively, participants were better able to mitigate impacts, were more organised in accessing relief and recovered more effectively. These results are consistent with other research on the cost/benefit of anticipatory actions, use of climate services and appropriate drought management advice. They also confirm the importance of embedding short‐term early action in long‐term resilience‐building. Despite this, formal systems, national and local, remain essentially unimplemented. Systems being developed at global level now need to be operationalised and translated into effective local drought management standard operating procedures for the most vulnerable. 相似文献
80.
Yasmin Shirin Appelhans Mark Lenz Heloisa Elias Medeiros Bernardo Antonio Perez da Gama Renato Crespo Pereira Martin Wahl 《Marine Biology》2010,157(5):1151-1159
The production of defence metabolites is assumed to be costly in metabolic terms. If this holds true, low-light stress should
reduce the ability of seaweeds to defend themselves chemically against herbivory and fouling. We investigated the effect of
energy limitation on the defensive status of seaweeds by assessing their attractiveness to mesograzers and their activity
against a bivalve macrofouler in comparison with non-stressed conspecifics. The macroalgae Codium decorticatum (Woodw.) M. Howe, Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris, Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmel.) Santel. and Hommer., Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh and Stypopodium zonale (Lamour.) Papenf. collected at the southeastern Brazilian coast were exposed to six levels of irradiation (between 1 and
180 μmol photons m−2 s−1) for 10–14 days. After this period, algae from all treatment levels were: (a) processed as artificial food and offered to
an amphipod community dominated by Elasmopus brasiliensis Dana and (b) extracted to test for differences in settlement rates of the fouling mussel Perna perna L. on filter paper loaded with the crude extracts. Generally, photosynthesis rates and growth were reduced under low light
conditions. Attractiveness to herbivores and macrofoulers, however, was insensitive to energy limitation. We discuss possible
explanations for the observed absence of a relationship between light availability and algal defence including the change
in nutritional value of the algal tissue, the allocation of resources towards defence instead of growth and the absence of
costs for defence. 相似文献