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51.
The 137Cs uptake by three plant species (Phragmites australis L., Heliantus annus L., Populus simonii L.) was analyzed in a hydroponic medium (14 MBql(-1); 0.5 mM CsCl) during cultivation. The radioactivity disappearance from the medium was measured after 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days of cultivation. Radioactivity distribution within the plant was determined by autoradiography. We did not find differences between uptake of radioactive and stable caesium isotopes. Relations between the uptake of 137Cs and concentration of potassium and ammonium ions in medium were also tested. The highest uptake of radiocaesium by sunflower was obtained for medium with 1 mM K2SO4 (14.2%) and in case of ammonium ions for concentration ratio 6 mM NH4Cl : 3 mM NH4NO3 (13.2%). The obtained results make it possible to compare the capability and rate of 137Cs phytoremediation of different plant species. 相似文献
52.
Miloš Krist Petr Nádvorník Lenka Uvírová Stanislav Bureš 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,59(1):6-11
Females in most bird species engage in extra-pair copulations. Although this behaviour is widespread, benefits for females of doing so are less understood. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that they improve their previous choice of social partner and gain genetic benefits for their offspring. Some evidence for this comes from studies that find that extra-pair young (EPY) have greater fitness than their half-sibs. However, this might be also caused by maternal, non-genetic effect, a possibility that remains largely untested. Here we test whether EPY are laid in larger eggs or eggs laid early in the laying sequence in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). The size of eggs bearing EPY and within-pair young (WPY) did not differ, however, EPY were laid in early eggs and consequently hatched earlier than WPY. As hatching asynchrony is a strong determinant of offspring size and survival in many species, including collared flycatcher, our results suggest that a caution is needed when paternal genetic effects are to be inferred from comparison of naturally occurring half-sibs. 相似文献
53.
Petr E. Komers François Messier Cormack C. Gates 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1992,31(3):192-203
Summary Males of gregarious species of mammals often do not associate with female groups during the breeding season. Such males could leave groups either to search for new breeding opportunities, or to restore body condition before rejoining new female groups. To investigate these two competing hypotheses, we studied the chronology of male wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) associating with females, and their aggressive and sexual behaviour over two breeding seasons. With increasing age, males were more often solitary, were more involved in aggressive interactions, investigated the genitals of females more frequently, and tended females more often. Group size did not affect whether or not males joined or left groups. The presence of oestrous females in a group did not affect the number of bulls in that group, and did not affect the joining or leaving of males. Older, dominant males did not exclude younger ones from female groups. Males observed outside female groups spent relatively more time feeding and resting than bulls in groups. Changes in group composition experienced by a male often involved the joining or splitting of female groups, as opposed to actual transfer of males between groups. Our results suggest that males leave female groups in order to recover, not for the purpose of searching for new female groups. We argue that due to the fluidity of wood bison groups, it is possible for a male to encounter new females even when remaining in a female group.
Correspondence to: P.E. Komers 相似文献
54.
Švec Roman Martinát Stanislav Pícha Kamil Klusáček Petr Knotek Jaroslav Schaefer Justin Calvin Březinová Monika Navrátil Josef 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):15074-15099
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Our aim is to determine the factors influencing a visitor’s decision to stay in a green accommodation facility. Visitors from six tourist sites... 相似文献
55.
56.
Modifications to ecosystems often lead to externalities that can be assigned an economic value and traded in ecosystem service markets. One such value may include the provisioning of nest sites for organisms that would otherwise be ousted from the surrounding cultural landscape, such as the sand martin (Riparia riparia), small passerine utilizing river bank rippings when available. The studied sand martin population was initially characterized as relying heavily on human activities for habitat, as extensive river regulation caused the relocation of 97% of Czech sand martins to man-made habitats, most commonly sandpits and gravel-sandpits. The socioeconomic changes and strict implementation of the EIA law had further detrimental effects on this species, which already adjusted to the human-dominated landscape, ousting it for a second time from its key nesting habitats, causing closure 86% of sandpits with only occasional quarrying and closure of 47% of those with regular small-scale regular quarrying. Meanwhile, large-scale quarries remained nearly unaffected. Conversion of any actively quarried site to that with vertical slopes present, but with quarrying absent, led to the progressive disappearance of sand martin colonies in 73% of sandpits with ceased occasional quarrying and in 87% of sandpits with ceased regular small-scale quarrying. The sharp decrease in the number of nest-sites of a bird protected by law is a gloomy result of the hypertrophied business regulation (EIA is estimated to cost € 970 million annually in the E.U. alone) aimed, paradoxically, to support the environment. 相似文献
57.
Gavriliev Sakhayaan Petrova Tatiana Miklyaev Petr 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(59):88606-88617
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This article delves into the factors that may influence radon flux, such as soil properties and weather conditions, on the example of two experimental... 相似文献
58.
Petr Procházka Hana Konvičková-Patzenhauerová Milica Požgayová Alfréd Trnka Václav Jelínek Marcel Honza 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(5):417-426
Egg rejection belongs to a widely used host tactic to prevent the costs incurred by avian brood parasitism. However, the genetic basis of this behaviour and the effect of host age on the probability of rejecting the parasitic egg remain largely unknown. Here, we used a set of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci, including a previously detected candidate locus (Ase64), to link genotypes of female great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), a known rejecter, with their egg rejection responses in two host populations. We also tested whether host female age, as a measure of the experience with own eggs, plays a role in rejection of common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs. We failed to find any consistent association of egg rejection responses with host female genotypes or age. It seems that host decisions on egg rejection show high levels of phenotypic plasticity and are likely to depend on the spatiotemporal variation in the parasitism pressure. Future studies exploring the repeatability of host responses towards parasitic eggs and the role of host individual experience with parasitic eggs would greatly improve our understanding of the variations in host behaviours considering the persistence of brood parasitism in host populations with rejecter phenotypes. 相似文献
59.
From data on allozyme, nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA markers, we show that the originally North Pacific/Northwest Atlantic mussel Mytilus trossulus is widespread on North European coasts, earliM. trossuluser thought to be inhabited only by Mytilus edulis. Several local occurrences of , interspersed with a dominant M. edulis, were recorded on the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea coasts of Norway and the Barents and White Sea coasts of Kola Peninsula in Russia. The proportion of M. trossulus genetic background observed at any one site varied from 0 to 95%. These new occurrences are not related to the previously known, introgressed M. trossulus population that occupies the Baltic Sea. The new northern occurrences retain both the F and M M. trossulus mitochondria, which have been lost from the Baltic stock. While hybridization takes place wherever M. trossulus and M. edulis meet, the extent of hybrization varies between the different contact areas. Hybrids are rare, and the hybrid zones are bimodal in the northern areas; more interbreeding has taken place further south in Norway, but even there genotypic disequilibria are higher than those in the steep transition zone between the Baltic mussel and M. edulis: there is no evidence of a collapse toward a hybrid swarm unlike in the Baltic. The Barents and White Sea M. trossulus are genetically slightly closer to the NW Atlantic than NE Pacific populations, while the Baltic mussel has unique features distinguishing it from the others. We postulate that the presence of M. trossulus in Northern Europe is a result of repeated independent inter- or transoceanic cryptic invasions of various ages, up to recent times. 相似文献
60.
Robert Tropek Ilona Cerna Jakub Straka Petr Kocarek Igor Malenovsky Filip Tichanek Pavel Sebek 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(14):13653-13660
Recently, fly ash deposits have been revealed as a secondary refuge of critically endangered arthropods specialised on aeolian sands in Central Europe. Simultaneously, these anthropogenic habitats are well known for their negative impact on human health and the surrounding environment. The overwhelming majority of these risks are caused by wind erosion, the substantial decreasing of which is thus necessary. But, any effects of anti-dust treatments on endangered arthropods have never been studied. We surveyed communities of five arthropod groups (wild bees and wasps, leafhoppers, spiders, hoverflies and orthopteroid insects) colonising three fly ash deposits in the western Czech Republic. We focused on two different anti-dust treatments (~70 and 100 % cover of fly ash by barren soil) and their comparison with a control of bare fly ash. Altogether, we recorded 495 species, including 132 nationally threatened species (eight of them were considered to be extinct in the country) and/or 30 species strictly specialised to drift sands. Bees and wasps and leafhoppers contained the overwhelming majority of species of the highest conservation interest; a few other important records were also in spiders and orthopteroids. Total soil cover depleted the unique environment of fly ash and thus destroyed the high conservation potential of the deposits. On the other hand, partial coverage (with ~30 % of bare fly ash) still offered habitats for many of the most threatened species, as we showed by both regression and multivariate analyses, with a decrease of wind erosion. This topic still needs much more research interest, but we consider mosaic-like preservation of smaller spots of fly ash as one of the possible compromises between biodiversity and human health. 相似文献